Izindinganiso zokugijima

Izindinganiso kwezokusubatha zihlukaniswe ngamazinga wokugijima, ukuhamba, ukugxuma, ukuphonsa nakho konke okuzungezile. Ngokulandelayo, amazinga wokusebenza ahlukaniswe ngezakhi eziningi: ukusebenza bushelelezi ezungeze inkundla nangaphakathi, umjaho wokudlulisa, ukugoqa, ukwehla kwemigwaqo nokugijima unqamula izwe.

Ukwenza ngcono imiphumela yakho ekugijimeni amabanga amaphakathi nade, udinga ukwazi okuyisisekelo kokugijima, njengokuphefumula okulungile, ubuchule, ukufudumeza, ikhono lokwenza i-eyeliner elifanele ngosuku lomncintiswano, yenza amandla afanele umsebenzi wokugijima nabanye. Ngakho-ke, ngincoma ukuthi uzijwayeze okokufundisa okuhlukile kwevidiyo kulezi nakwezinye izihloko ezivela kumbhali wesayithi scfoton.ru, lapho ukhona manje. Kubafundi besiza, okokufundisa ngamavidiyo kumahhala ngokuphelele. Ukuze ubathole, vele ubhalisele i-newsletter, futhi ngemizuzwana embalwa uzothola isifundo sokuqala ochungechungeni lwezisekelo zokuphefumula okufanele ngenkathi ugijima. Bhalisa lapha: Ukuqalisa izifundo zevidiyo ... Lezi zifundo sezivele zisizile izinkulungwane zabantu futhi zizokusiza nawe.

Amazinga esikole nawabafundi wokugijima amabanga ahluka kakhulu kumazinga wokukhishwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola uphawu oluhle kakhulu kunoma yiliphi ibanga elijwayelekile, isibonelo Amamitha ayi-1000, kwanele ukuthi umfundi agijime intsha engama-3 kuphela. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthola "amahlanu" afanayo ebangeni lamamitha ayi-100, abafundi kuzofanele bagcwalise ama-2 ngisho nesigaba sokuqala sentsha.

Smooth egijima ezungeze inkundla

I-Sprint

Itafula elisemthethweni lamazinga amancane wokugijima afaka amabanga ukusuka kumamitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-400.

Amazinga amabanga we-Sprint afana no-60, 100, Amamitha ayi-200, 300 no-400 ahlukaniswe ngamazinga esikhathi esisebenza ngesandla kanye nokuzenzakalelayo. Isikhathi esenziwa ngesandla sisho ukuthi umphumela womsubathi waqoshwa ngamajaji ngokwenza isikhathi ngestophuwashi. Endabeni yesikhathi esizenzakalelayo, umphumela urekhodwa yikhompyutha.

Isikhathi sokwenza ngesandla nokuzenzakalelayo. Kungani kunomehluko wesibili ongu-0.24.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona kuthebula lokulinganisa, kumikhakha ye-sprint, ibanga ngalinye linamanani ama-2 esigabeni esifanayo: sohlelo lokulinganisa mathupha nolokuzenzekelayo, nesiqalo esithi "auto". Amanani ahluka ngemizuzwana eyi-0.24. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ososayensi babale ukuthi ukusabela kokuqala komuntu akukwazi ukudlula le mizuzwana engu-0.24. Okusho ukuthi, ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi noma ngaphezulu, umgijimi uyakwazi ukuzwa ukuqhuma kwesibhamu sokuqala bese eqala ukunyakaza. Kulokhu, ikhompyutha iqala ukubala imizuzwana ngaphandle kwalokhu kubambezeleka, ngokushesha ngemuva kokudutshulwa.

Ukuqala okungamanga

Isiqalo esingelona iqiniso sibhaliswa ngokomthetho ofanayo. Uma ikhompyutha ithola ukuthi ukusabela kokuqala komsubathi kwakushesha ukwedlula imizuzwana engu-0.24, kusho ukuthi umgijimi akazange alinde ukudutshulwa, futhi waqala ukunyakaza kusengaphambili, ngenxa yezinzwa, noma, ezama ukuqagela isikhathi sokudutshulwa, ukuze angahlali isikhathi eside ekuqaleni.

Endabeni yokusebenzisa isikhathi mathupha, ijaji - umgcini wesikhathi unokusabela kokuqala okufanayo nomsubathi bese eqala ukubala isikhathi ngendlela efanayo nomgijimi aqala ngayo.

Isilinganiso namabanga okuhlala

Emabangeni aphakathi nendawo kukhona nokwehlukaniswa kwesikhathi nokuzenzekelayo. Kepha ukuqala ngamamitha ayi-1000, inani lamasekhondi angu-0,24 liba yinto engasho lutho. Futhi akunakwa.

KU-IN amanani afakiwe afaka idatha yamabanga afinyelela ku-10,000 mkodwa-ke, izinkundla zemidlalo nazo ziba nemincintiswano yokugijima ihora noma yansuku zonke.

Ukugijima okushelelekile ngaphakathi

Ebusika, abasubathi bejubane nemikhakha bavame ukungakwazi ukuncintisana enkundleni evulekile. Ngakho-ke, yonke imiqhudelwano yemidlalo yasebusika ibanjelwa endlini - inkundla. Ngokuphambene nenkundla ejwayelekile "yasehlobo", lapho ubude bendilinga eceleni kwethrekhi yokuqala ingamamitha angama-400, enkundleni ubude bethrekhi yangaphakathi nayo iphindwe kabili ngaphansi - amamitha ayi-200. Lokhu kunikeza ubunzima obengeziwe ekunqobeni ibanga.

I-Sprint yasendlini

Imincintiswano yangaphakathi kumamitha ayi-100 nangu-200 ayibanjelwa emiqhudelwaneni emikhulu.

Kumamitha ayi-100, konke kusobala. Ubude bomugqa oqondile kumbuthano wamamitha angama-200 bungaphezudlwana kwamamitha angama-60. Ngakho-ke, yonke i-sprint emfushane ihamba ngqo kuleli banga. Ngokuqondene namamitha angama-200, ngenxa yamajika amade, abasubathi, abanejubane elicishe lifike ku-40 km / h, bebengeke bakwazi ukuhlala kujantshi futhi bazophuma baphume enkundleni. Ngakho-ke, i-sprint ebushelelezi ebusika yenziwa kuphela emabangeni wamamitha angama-60 no-400.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindinganiso zala mabanga zihlukaniswe ngamazinga wesikhathi esizenzakalelayo nesenziwa ngesandla. Kodwa-ke, zihluke kakhulu kwezasehlobo. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ukwenza isigaba esingu-1 ebangeni elingamamitha angama-400 enkundleni evulekile, amadoda adinga ukugijima ngokuzimela kwesikhathi amasekhondi angu-51.74, kanti enkundleni kwanele ukugijimela umzuzwana omubi kakhulu - 52.74. Lokhu kungenxa yokujika okuthe xaxa, okudinga umzamo owengeziwe lapho usebenza. Ukugoba kwenkundla yezemidlalo kune-engeli ebonakalayo, evumela abagijimi ukuthi baqhubeke kalula emzileni wabo futhi bangaphumi ngenxa yamandla we-centrifugal.

Ibanga eliphakathi nendawo langaphakathi

Kanye namazinga we-sprint, amazinga amabanga amaphakathi endlu ahlukile kunamazinga amabanga afanayo ezinkundla ezivulekile. Emabangeni asuka kumamayela angama-800 kuye kwayi-1 lo mehluko yimizuzwana emi-2, futhi ngebanga elingu-3 km - 3 imizuzwana. Isibonelo, ukuze kufezwe izinga lesigaba esiphakeme kunazo zonke kwezemidlalo se-international master master yezemidlalo ebangeni elingu-3 km enkundleni, amadoda adinga ukuyinqoba ngemizuzu engu-7 ngemizuzwana engama-55, ngenkathi enkundleni evulekile kuzofanele bagijime ukuqedela i-MSMK ngemizuzu engu-7 namasekhondi angu-52.

Umjaho wokudlulisa

Ukugijima kokudlulisa nakho kunamazinga ayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasubathi abaningi basebenzisa leli thuba, futhi noma bengakwazi ukwenza isigaba esithile emjahweni owodwa, eqenjini nabanye abagijimi bayalifeza leli zinga ekudluliseni.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemijaho yokudlulisa ezinkundleni ezivulekile - 4 x 100 metres no 4 x 400 metres. Esikhundleni samamitha ayi-100, kunabagijimi abangama-200 enkundleni.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlanga eziningi zemijaho yama-relay. Kepha azikho izindinganiso zokuzinqoba, futhi azikho izigaba ezinikezwayo.

Ukuhlukumeza

Ukugijima kwezithiyo kwenziwa ngamamitha angama-60 (ngaphakathi), amamitha ayi-100 (kwabesifazane), ama-110 kwabesilisa namamitha angama-400.

Kanye nasekusebenzeni okushelelayo, ezinkingeni kunesistimu yokukala yesikhathi esenziwa ngesandla nangemoto. Isimiso siyefana - umehluko phakathi kwabo uyimizuzwana engu-0,24.

Ngaphezu kwamabanga amakhulu emincintiswaneni phakathi kwamaqembu amancane, izithiyo zibanjwa emabangeni wamamitha angama-50 namamitha angama-300. Amabanga abo nawo anikezwa, kepha hhayi aphezulu kunomuntu omdala oyedwa.

Ukugijima nezingqinamba

Hhayi ukudideka ngezithiyo. Umjaho wezithiyo, noma njengoba ochwepheshe bewubiza ngokuthi iSteeple Chase, ubanjelwa ebangeni lamamitha ayi-1500, 2000 nangu-3000. Esikhundleni sezithiyo ezincanyana, njengasesimweni sokufaka izithiyo, kubekwa izithiyo kuthrekhi, okuyibha ewugqinsi etholakala ekuphakameni kuka-914 mm kwabesilisa no-762 mm kwabesifazane. Enkundleni, umjaho wezithiyo ubanjelwa ebangeni le-1500 (leqembu elincane) amamitha ayi-2000.

Ehlobo, amamitha ayi-3000 kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ehlobo lokunqumela intaba ehlobo kude, abagijimi kufanele banqobe umgodi ngamanzi, phambi kwesinye sezithiyo. Lokhu kunezela ubunzima obuningi ephasishi, ngakho-ke amazinga asencwadini yemigwaqo athambile kakhulu kunezindinganiso ezisebenza ngokushelela, kuyilapho kungelula neze ukuwafeza.

Ukuwela unqamule izwe

Ngaphezu kokugijima enkundleni, kunenqwaba yemiqhudelwano ebanjelwa emigwaqweni ejwayelekile ye-asphalt, ukungcola kanye nesihlabathi. Lolu hlobo lokugijima lubizwa nge-cross-country running. Njengasenkundleni yezemidlalo, iziphambano zinamazinga.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuwela nokugijima enkundleni yezemidlalo ukungabi khona kwamarekhodi omhlaba kuma-runs anqamula ezweni. Kukhona umqondo onjalo. Njengokuphumelela komhlaba - umphumela omuhle kakhulu okhonjiswe kuleli banga ezweni eliwela izwe. Kepha alikho irekhodi lomhlaba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umgwaqo enkundleni uhlala ucabalele futhi kuyafana, kungakhathalekile ukuthi umqhudelwano ubanjelwa kuphi. Kunezidingo ezikhethekile zezinkundla ezihlangatshezwa yonke indawo. Azikho izidingo zeziphambano. Ngakho-ke, ithrekhi eyodwa ingatholakala ezintabeni, futhi kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukunqoba, ngokwesibonelo, i-10 km emgwaqeni onjalo kunokuba umgwaqo udlule ethafeni. Kungakho umqondo werekhodi lomhlaba ungasetshenziswanga.

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