Ukuphefumula kungenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, okunzima ukuzinquma ngokuzimela. Kwezinye izimo, ukuntuleka komoya ngemuva kokugijima kungasho ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi okungafanele zinganakwa. Ukuphefumula okuncane nokuntuleka komoya - ukwelashwa kunqunywa uchwepheshe ngemuva kokuxilongwa.
Indlela yokuphefumula okufishane
Ukuphefumula okuncane kudalwa ukumiswa komoya emaphashini, okuholela ekuvinjelweni ngesikhathi sokuphefumula. Iziphetho zemizwa ezithumela umfutho ebuchosheni azisebenzi ngokugcwele futhi kunomuzwa wokugcwala komoya-mpilo kwezicubu. Ngesikhathi sokugijima, inani elikhulu lesikhutha linqwabelana egazini lomuntu, okuholela ezimpawu zokucinana.
Ukuphefumula kancane kwenzeka ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- imizwa ivame ukuthunyelwa engxenyeni engemuva yobuchopho bomuntu mayelana nokuncipha kwezicubu zomzimba zezitho zokuphefumula;
- ukwakheka kokucasuka kwama-receptors wesistimu yokuphefumula;
- imigoqo evimba ethunyelwa endaweni yobuchopho.
Izinga lokuphefumula lingahluka ngokuya ngezici ezibangele inkinga.
Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ukuphefumula okuncane nokuphefumula okuncane lapho ugijima?
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, cishe zonke izitho zangaphakathi zomuntu zichayeka ekucindezelekeni. Inhliziyo yomuntu isebenza ngesivinini esisheshayo, ngenxa yokuthi igazi lijikeleza ngokushesha okukhulu. Zonke izitho zangaphakathi zigcwele igazi, okungaholela ekusebenzeni okungafanele, okuholela ekwakhekeni kokushoda komoya.
Ezinye zezici ezivame kakhulu ezibangela ukuphefumula okuncane ngenkathi kusebenza zifaka:
- ukulungiselela okungafanele ukuqeqeshwa;
- isisindo esiningi;
- imikhuba emibi efana nokubhema ugwayi;
- ukungabi nezinga elidingekayo lokuqina komzimba;
- izici zobudala zomzimba womuntu;
- izifo zezitho zangaphakathi;
- ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile.
Kwezinye izimo, ukuphefumula okuncane ngenkathi ugijima kwenzeka ngenxa yokunganaki ukuphefumula, okuvusa ukunqamuka komoya emaphashini nokubukeka kokucinana.
Izifo ezibangela ukuphefumula okuncane
Imbangela ejwayelekile yokwehluleka kokuphefumula izifo zezitho zangaphakathi. Izifo ziyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi somthwalo owengeziwe emzimbeni, ngenxa yalokho, umuntu uzizwa engakhululekile.
Izifo zenhliziyo
Enye yezinkinga ezijwayelekile ezibangela ukuphefumula okuncane ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ngenxa yalokho, inhliziyo inciphisa umfutho wokumpompa igazi ngemithambo yegazi, okuholela ekusuthweni okwanele komoya-mpilo womzimba.
Ngalolu hlobo lwesifo, uketshezi kanye ne-carbon dioxide kuyanqwabelana emaphashini, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula futhi kubangele ukuminyana.
Izifo zamaphaphu, i-bronchi
Esinye sezizathu ezivamile ezibangela ukuphefumula okuncane ngenkathi usebenza ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokuphefumula.
Imvamisa, ukuphefumula okufushane kwenzeka ngezinkinga ezilandelayo:
- ukwehluleka ukuphefumula ngenxa yokungavuleki okwanele kwamaphaphu;
- i-bronchial asthma, enalezi zifo zokuphefumula, izindlela zomoya ziyacindezelwa futhi ukunikezwa kwe-oxygen kuvimbelwe.
Izifo zesistimu yokuphefumula zingadala ukudinwa futhi zihambisane nokukhwehlela.
Ukushoda kwegazi
Ukuvela kwegazi kuphakamisa ukwehla kwenani le-hemoglobin, okuholela ekutheni umoya-mpilo omncane udluliswe ngemithambo yegazi. Nge-anemia, ukuzivocavoca umzimba kusheshisa ukujikeleza kwegazi, okwehlisa inani lomoya-mpilo osegazini futhi kuholele ekuphefumuleni nasemakhanda.
Izifo zesistimu ye-Endocrine
Izifo zivusa uketshezi kwama-hormone ngendlala yegilo ngobuningi, okukhonjiswa kabi ezinqubweni ze-metabolic emzimbeni.
Esimweni sokuzola, umuntu uzizwa engaphansi kwalolu hlobo lwenkinga, kepha umsebenzi womzimba uvusa ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe, okuholela ekushodeni komoya nokwakheka kokuphefumula.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlobo zezimpawu zenzeka ngezifo ezilandelayo:
- ukukhuluphala;
- isifo sikashukela;
- teritoxicosis.
Kubasubathi abaphethwe yilolu hlobo lwesifo, njengomthetho, ngemuva kokuqedwa kokuqeqeshwa, ukukhululeka nokujwayela ukuphefumula kuzwakala.
Ama-Neuroses
Isenti likhona ebuchosheni, elibhekele ukusebenza kohlelo lokuphefumula, ngakho-ke, ngezimo ezicindezelayo ezinde, kuvela izinkinga kaningi.
Ama-neuroses wesikhathi eside avimba ukugeleza kwemicabango ethunyelwe uhlelo lokuphefumula. Ngakho-ke, kaningi kuvela izimpawu zokuphelelwa umoya nokuphazamiseka enqubeni yokuphefumula.
Ukuphefumula nokuphefumula - ukwelashwa
Ukuze ubone imbangela yokuphelelwa umoya ngesikhathi sokugijima, kufanele uhlolwe ngokuphelele. Usebenzisa imiphumela yokuxilongwa, uchwepheshe uzonquma uhlobo olufanele lwezokwelapha ukuqeda nokuvimbela ukuphindeka kwezimpawu.
Yimuphi udokotela okufanele ngiye kuye?
Ezimweni lapho inkinga yenzeka khona ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo, kubalulekile kuqala ukuxhumana nomelaphi ozonikeza ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile. Ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa, isiguli sizoya kuchwepheshe omncane ozokhipha uhlobo oludingekayo lokwelashwa.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Uma kukhona ukushoda komoya ngenkathi kusebenza, kufanele kusetshenziswe izindlela zokwelashwa ezilandelayo:
- ukuqedwa kwembangela edale ukuminyana. Uchwepheshe ubeka ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kuye ngohlobo lwesifo;
- ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen - kugcwalisa igazi ngenani le-oxygen elidingekayo;
- izidakamizwa zokwandisa i-bronchi, zisiza ukwenza lula ukuphefumula;
- ukupholisa amaphaphu - kusetshenziselwa amacala anzima lapho ezinye izindlela zinganikeli umphumela oyifunayo;
- izivivinyo zokuphefumula;
- ukuzivocavoca umzimba okhethekile kokusebenza okujwayelekile kwamaphaphu.
Ezimweni ezinzima, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kunqunyiwe, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa izifo zamaphaphu.
Ungayeka kanjani ukuklinya lapho ugijima?
Ukuze ugweme ukuphefumula okuncane ngenkathi ugijima, kufanele uqaphele ngokucophelela ukuphefumula kwakho kanye nesigqi sokuzivocavoca. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuzivocavoca umzimba, kuyadingeka ukufudumeza, okungagcini nje ngokufudumeza imisipha, kodwa futhi nokulungiselela uhlelo lokuphefumula lomthwalo.
Uma kuvela izimpawu zokuminyaniswa, kuyadingeka:
- ukunciphisa isigqi;
- thatha umoya ojulile kancane;
- ungakhulumi noma uphuze uketshezi usohambeni;
- sebenzisa i-diaphragm ngenkathi uphefumula.
Uma izimpawu zokuphelelwa umoya zingapheli, kufanele uyeke ukuqeqeshwa bese uvakashela uchwepheshe, ukungazinaki lolu hlobo lwenkinga kungabangela ukuvela kwezinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezifo.
Imithetho yokuphefumula yokugijima
Ukuphefumula okungafanele kudala ukungabi khona komoya-mpilo egazini, okuholela ekutheni umzimba womuntu ukhathale masinyane futhi kuvele izimpawu zokuphefumula okuncane.
Lapho usebenza, kufanele ugcine le mithetho elandelayo:
- khetha isivinini esingeke silayishe amaphaphu. Ngenkathi ugijima, ukuphefumula kufanele kube ngisho, ukungakhululeki kukhombisa isidingo sokunciphisa isigqi;
- umoya uthathwa mfushane, ngenkathi okukhiphayo kukhula kaningana;
- phefumulela phezulu ukuze i-diaphragm ibandakanyeke;
- ukuhogela kufakwa ngamakhala, nangomphunga ngomlomo;
- kwenziwa amakhefu ngezikhathi ezithile, lapho umsubathi kufanele adle inani elincane loketshezi;
- ukugijima kwenziwa ngaphambi kwamahora ama-2 ngemuva kokudla.
Kuyadingeka ukubumba umoya nangaphambi kokuqala kokugijima. Uma uhlelo lokuphefumula lungasebenzi ekuqaleni kokuzivocavoca, kunzima kakhulu ukubuyisela konke esimweni esidingekayo.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Ukuvimbela ukuphefumula okuncane ngenkathi usebenza, kufanele kulandelwe izindlela ezilandelayo zokuvimbela:
- ukwelapha ngesikhathi esifanele zonke izifo;
- yeka ukubhema nemikhuba emibi;
- ukusabalalisa umthwalo ngokulinganayo;
- ukufudumeza kahle ngaphambi kokuqala ukuzivocavoca umzimba;
- wenze izivivinyo zohlelo lokuphefumula.
Kuyadingeka ukugcina ukuqeqeshwa okujwayelekile, lapho zonke izitho zangaphakathi zomuntu zikhula futhi ziqeqeshe ngaphambi kokukhulisa imithwalo.
Ukuhambisana nendlela yokuphefumula kuyisihluthulelo sokudlala imidlalo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, zonke izitho zibhekene nengcindezi, ngakho-ke, kaningi uma kukhona izifo ezinzima, izimpawu ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya nokuphefumula ziyavela.
Uma kuvela izimpawu zokuphefumula, kufanele ufune usizo kochwepheshe ngokushesha bese ulandela izincomo zokuqeda ukungakhululeki.
