Kuwukuhlaziywa kokuqala kokusebenza komhlaba jikelele. Ifaka imiphumela Izinhlanga eziyizigidi ezingama-107.9 nemidlalo engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-70yenziwe kusukela ngo-1986 kuya ku-2018. Kuze kube manje, lolu ucwaningo olukhulu kunawo wonke lokusebenza okusebenzayo. I-KeepRun ihumushe futhi yasishicilela sonke isifundo, ungafunda okwangempela kuwebhusayithi ye-RunRepeat kulesi sixhumanisi.
Imiphumela ebalulekile
- Inani lababambe iqhaza emincintiswaneni yokugijima lehle ngo-13% uma kuqhathaniswa nango-2016. Lapho-ke inani labantu abawela entanjeni lalilikhulu kakhulu emlandweni: izigidi eziyi-9.1. Kodwa-ke, e-Asia, inani labagijimi liyaqhubeka nokukhula kuze kube namuhla.
- Abantu bagijima kancane kunakuqala. Ikakhulukazi amadoda. Ngo-1986, isilinganiso sokuqeda isikhathi kwakungu-3: 52: 35, kanti namuhla kungu-4: 32: 49. Lokhu ngumehluko wemizuzu engama-40 imizuzwana eyi-14.
- Abagijimi banamuhla yibo abadala kunabo bonke. Ngo-1986, isilinganiso seminyaka yabo yobudala sasiyiminyaka engama-35.2, kwathi ngo-2018 - 39.3 iminyaka.
- Abagijimi be-Amateur abavela eSpain bagijimisa imarathon ngokushesha ukwedlula abanye, abaseRussia bagijimisa umncintiswano omkhulu kunabo bonke, kanti abaseSwitzerland nabaseUkraine abaholi emabangeni ayi-10 no-5 km, ngokulandelana.
- Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni, inani labagijimi besifazane leqa inani labesilisa. Ngo-2018, abesifazane babalelwa ku-50.24% wabo bonke abancintisana nabo.
- Namuhla, kunanini ngaphambili, abantu baya kwamanye amazwe ukuyoqhudelana.
- Isizathu sokubamba iqhaza emincintiswaneni sesishintshile. Manje abantu abakhathaleli kakhulu ukusebenza kwezemidlalo, kepha ngezisusa zomzimba, zenhlalo noma ezingokwengqondo. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani abantu beqale ukuhamba ibanga elide, baqala ukuhamba kancane, nokuthi kungani inani labantu abafuna ukubungaza ukufeza ibanga elithile leminyaka (30, 40, 50) namuhla lingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-15 nengama-30 edlule.
Uma ufuna ukuqhathanisa imiphumela yakho nabanye abagijimi, kukhona isibali esisebenzayo salokhu.
Idatha yocwaningo kanye nendlela yokusebenza
- Imininingwane ihlanganisa imiphumela engama-96% yemincintiswano e-US, 91% yemiphumela eYurophu, Canada nase-Australia, kanye nase-Asia, e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika.
- Abagijimi abangochwepheshe abakhishiwe kulokhu kuhlaziywa njengoba kunikezelwa kubathandi bezimfundamakhwela.
- Ukuhamba nokuqhutshwa kokupha ngesihe kwakukhishiwe ekuhlaziyweni, njengoba kwakwenziwa nge-steeplechase nokunye ukusebenza okungajwayelekile.
- Ukuhlaziywa kuhlanganisa amazwe ayi-193 amukelwe ngokusemthethweni yi-UN.
- Ucwaningo lwasekelwa yi-International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) lwethulwa eChina ngoJuni 2019.
- Imininingwane yaqoqwa emininingwaneni yemiphumela yokuncintisana kanye nakuzinhlangano zezemidlalo kanye nabahleli bezokuncintisana.
- Sekukonke, ukuhlaziywa kuhlanganisa imiphumela yemijaho eyizigidi eziyi-107.9 kanye nemincintiswano eyizinkulungwane ezingama-70.
- Isikhathi sokulandelana kocwaningo sisuka ku-1986 kuya ku-2018.
Amandla wenani labahlanganyeli emincintiswaneni yokugijima
Ukugijima kungenye yezemidlalo ethandwa kakhulu futhi kunabalandeli abaningi. Kepha, njengoba igrafu engezansi ikhombisa, eminyakeni emibili eyedlule, inani lababambe iqhaza emincintiswaneni yezwe eliwele kakhulu lehle kakhulu. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi eYurophu nase-United States. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukugijima kuyanda e-Asia, kepha akusheshi ngokwanele ukukhokhela okusele eNtshonalanga.
Inani eliphakeme lomlando laliku-2016. Bese kuba nabagijimi abayizigidi eziyi-9.1 emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2018, lelo nani lase lehlele ezigidini ezingama-7.9 (okungukuthi, lehla ngama-13%). Uma ubheka amandla ezinguquko eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule, inani labagijimi lenyuke ngo-57.8% (lisuka kubantu abayisi-5 laya kwabangu-7.9).
Inani eliphelele lababambe iqhaza emncintiswaneni
Okudume kakhulu amabanga ama-5 km nohhafu wama-marathon (ngo-2018, abantu abayi-2.1 no-2.9 million bawagijima, ngokulandelana). Kodwa-ke, kule minyaka engu-2 edlule, inani lababambe iqhaza kulezi zifundo lehle kakhulu. Abagijimi be-Half-marathon banciphe ngo-25%, kwathi ama-5 km run aba ngaphansi kaningi ngo-13%.
Amabanga ayi-10 km nama-marathon anabalandeli abambalwa - ngo-2018 bekukhona abahlanganyeli abayi-1.8 no-1.1 million. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni engu-2-3 edlule le nombolo ayikashintshi futhi yehla yenyuka phakathi kuka-2%.
Amandla wesibalo sabagijimi emabangeni ahlukene
Akunencazelo eqondile yokwehla kokuthandwa okwenzekayo. Kepha nayi eminye imibono engenzeka:
- Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, isibalo sabagijimi sikhuphuke ngama-57%, okuyinto ehlaba umxhwele uqobo lwayo. Kepha, njengoba kuhlala kwenzeka, ngemuva kokuthi umdlalo uthole ukulandela okwanele, kudlula isikhathi sokwehla. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi lesi sikhathi sizoba side noma sibe sifushane. Noma kunjalo, imboni egijimayo idinga ukugcina lo mkhuba engqondweni.
- Njengoba umdlalo uthandwa, kuvela imikhakha eminingi ye-niche kuwo. Kwenzeka into efanayo ngokugijima. Ngisho eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, imarathon ibiyinhloso yokuphila yabadlali abaningi, futhi bambalwa kakhulu abangayifinyelela. Ngemuva kwalokho abagijimi abanolwazi oluncane baqala ukubamba iqhaza emjahweni. Lokhu kuqinisekisile ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kungaphansi kwamandla wezimfundamakhwela. Kwakunemfashini yokugijima, futhi kwesinye isikhathi abadlali bezemidlalo abedlulele babona ukuthi imarathon yayingasekho ngokweqile. Babengasazizwa bekhethekile, okuthe kwabaningi kungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokubamba iqhaza emjahweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwavela i-ultramarathon, umzila wokugijima kanye ne-triathlon.
- Isisusa sabagijimi sishintshile, futhi umncintiswano awukasitholi isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nalokhu. Izinkomba eziningana zikhombisa lokhu. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kufakazela ukuthi: 1) Ku-2019, abantu banamathisela ukubaluleka okuncane kakhulu kwizinyathelo zobudala (30, 40, 50, 60 years) kuneminyaka eyi-15 eyedlule, ngakho-ke bagubha isikhumbuzo kaningi ngokuhlanganyela kumarathon, emincintiswaneni kanye no-3) Isikhathi sokuqeda esimaphakathi sikhule kakhulu. Futhi lokhu akusebenzi kubantu ngabanye, kepha kubo bonke ababambe iqhaza emncintiswaneni ngokwesilinganiso. Kona kanye "ukubalwa kwabantu" kwemarathon sekuguqukile - manje abagijimi abahamba kancane bahlanganyela kuyo. Lawa maphuzu amathathu akhombisa ukuthi ababambiqhaza manje bazisa okuhlangenwe nakho ngaphezu kokusebenza kwezemidlalo. Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu, kepha imboni egijimayo ayikwazanga ukushintsha ngesikhathi ukuhlangabezana nomoya wezikhathi.
Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi yini abantu abayithandayo kaningi - imincintiswano emikhulu noma emincane. Umjaho "omkhulu" ubhekwa uma abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezinhlanu behlanganyela kuwo.
Ukuhlaziywa kubonise ukuthi iphesenti lababambe iqhaza emicimbini emikhulu nemincane licishe lifane: imicimbi emikhulu iheha abagijimi abayi-14% kunabancane.
Ngasikhathi sinye, amandla wenani labagijimi ezimweni zombili acishe afane. Inani labahlanganyeli emincintiswaneni emikhulu lakhula kwaze kwaba ngu-2015, futhi lincane - laze lafika ngo-2016. Kodwa-ke, namuhla izinhlanga ezincane zilahlekelwa ukuthandwa ngokushesha - kusukela ngo-2016, kube nokwehla okungu-13%. Khonamanjalo, inani lababambe iqhaza kuma-marathons amakhulu lehle ngo-9%.
Inani eliphelele labancintisana
Lapho abantu bekhuluma ngokuqhudelana kwemincintiswano, imvamisa basho ama-marathoni. Kepha eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-marathons ahlanganisa kuphela u-12% wabo bonke ababambe iqhaza emncintiswaneni (ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi sibalo besingama-25%). Esikhundleni sebanga eligcwele, abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe namuhla bakhetha uhhafu wemarathoni. Kusukela ngo-2001, inani labagijimi behhafu yemarathon likhule lisuka ku-17% laya ku-30%.
Eminyakeni edlule, iphesenti labahlanganyeli emijahweni yamakhilomitha ama-5 no-10 lihlale lingashintshiwe. Amakhilomitha ama-5, isibonisi sishintshile phakathi kuka-3%, nangamakhilomitha ayi-10 - ngaphakathi kwama-5%.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwabahlanganyeli phakathi kwamabanga ahlukene
Qedela amandla wesikhathi
IMarathon
Umhlaba uhamba kancane kancane. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngo-2001, le nqubo iye yancipha kakhulu. Phakathi kuka-1986 no-2001, ijubane le-marathon elijwayelekile lenyuka lisuka ku-3: 52: 35 laya ku-4: 28: 56 (okungukuthi, nge-15%). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusukela ngo-2001, le nkomba ikhule ngemizuzu engu-4 kuphela (noma ngo-1.4%) futhi yaba ngu-4: 32: 49.
Amandla wokuqeda isikhathi emhlabeni jikelele
Uma ubheka amandla esikhathi sokuqeda sabesilisa nabesifazane, uyabona ukuthi amadoda ayahamba kancane (yize izinguquko bezingabalulekile kusukela ngo-2001). Phakathi kuka-1986 no-2001, isilinganiso sokuqeda isikhathi samadoda sikhuphuke ngemizuzu engama-27, sisuka ku-3: 48: 15 kuye ku-4: 15: 13 (emele ukukhuphuka okungu-10.8%). Ngemuva kwalokho, inkomba inyuke ngemizuzu engu-7 kuphela (noma 3%).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abesifazane baqale behlisa ijubane kakhulu kunabesilisa. Ukusuka ku-1986 kuya ku-2001, isilinganiso sokuqeda isikhathi sabesifazane sikhuphukile kusuka ku-4: 18: 00 am kuya ku-4: 56: 18 pm (up 38 minutes or 14.8%). Kodwa ngokuqala kwekhulu lama-21, lo mkhuba washintsha futhi abesifazane baqala ukugijima ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukusuka ku-2001 kuya ku-2018, isilinganiso sithuthukiswe ngemizuzu engu-4 (noma i-1.3%).
Qedela ukuguquguquka kwesikhathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa
Qedela ukuguquguquka kwesikhathi kwamabanga ahlukene
Kuwo wonke amanye amabanga, kunokukhula okungaguquki kwesilinganiso sesikhathi sokuqeda sabesilisa nabesifazane. Abesifazane kuphela abakwazi ukunqoba lo mkhuba futhi kuphela emjahweni.
Qedela amandla wesikhathi - imarathon
Qedela amandla wesikhathi - uhhafu wemarathon
Qedela amandla wesikhathi - amakhilomitha ayi-10
Qedela amandla wesikhathi - amakhilomitha ama-5
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwebanga nejubane
Uma ubheka ijubane lokugijima elijwayelekile lawo wonke amabanga ama-4, uzobona ngokushesha ukuthi abantu babo bonke ubudala nobulili benza kahle kakhulu ku-marathon uhhafu. Ababambiqhaza baqedela uhhafu wemarathon ngejubane eliphakeme kakhulu kunamanye amabanga.
Kwi-marathon yesigamu, ijubane elijwayelekile yi-1 km kumizuzu engu-5: 40 yamadoda ne-1 km ku-6: 22 imizuzu yabesifazane.
Okwe-marathon, ijubane elijwayelekile yi-1 km ngemizuzu engu-6: 43 yamadoda (i-18% ihamba kancane kune-marathon yemarathon) ne-1 km ngemizuzu engu-6: 22 yabesifazane (i-17% ihamba kancane kune-marathon).
Ngebanga elingu-10 km, ijubane elijwayelekile lingu-1 km ngemizuzu engu-5: 51 yabesilisa (3% kancane kunesigamu se-marathon) no-1 km ngemizuzu engu-6: 58 kwabesifazane (i-9% ihamba kancane kunehhafu yemarathon) ...
Ngebanga elingu-5 km, ijubane elijwayelekile yi-1 km ngemizuzu engu-7: 04 yamadoda (i-25% ihamba kancane kunehhafu yemarathon) ne-1 km ngemizuzu eyi-8: 18 yabesifazane (i-30% ihamba kancane kune-marathon yemizuzu) ...
Ijubane elimaphakathi - abesifazane
Ijubane elimaphakathi - amadoda
Lo mehluko ungachazwa ngeqiniso lokuthi uhhafu wemarathon uthandwa kakhulu kunamanye amabanga. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi isibalo esikhulu sabagijimi be-marathon asebeshintshele kuhafu wemarathon, noma bagijima bobabili imarathon nohhafu wemarathon.
Ibanga elingu-5 km ibanga "elihamba kancane", njengoba lingcono kakhulu kubaqalayo nakubantu abadala. Ngenxa yalokhu, iningi labaqalayo libamba iqhaza emijahweni engu-5K engazibekeli inhloso yokukhombisa umphumela omuhle kakhulu.
Qedela isikhathi ngezwe
Abagijimi abaningi bahlala e-United States. Kepha phakathi kwamanye amazwe anabagijimi abaningi, abagijimi baseMelika bebelokhu behamba kancane.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kusukela ngo-2002, abagijimi be-marathon abavela eSpain bebelokhu bedlula bonke abantu.
Qedela ukuguquguquka kwesikhathi ngezwe
Chofoza kuhlu olwehlayo ngezansi ukubona ijubane labamele amazwe ahlukene emabangeni ahlukene:
Qedela isikhathi ngezwe - 5 km
Izizwe ezisheshayo ebangeni le-5 km
Ngokungalindelekile, yize iSpain futhi idlula wonke amanye amazwe ebangeni lemarathon, ebangeni elingu-5 km kungenye yekhamba kancane. Amazwe ashesha kakhulu ebangeni lamakhilomitha ama-5 yi-Ukraine, iHungary neSwitzerland. Ngasikhathi sinye, iSwitzerland ithatha indawo yesithathu ebangeni elingu-5 km, indawo yokuqala ibanga elingu-10 km, nendawo yesibili emjahweni. Lokhu kwenza abaseSwitzerland babe ngabagijimi abahamba phambili emhlabeni.
Isilinganiso sezinkomba ze-5 km
Uma ubheka imiphumela yabesilisa nabesifazane ngokwehlukana, abasubathi besilisa baseSpain bangabanye abashesha kakhulu ebangeni le-5 km. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa kakhulu kubo kunabagijimi besifazane, ngakho-ke umphumela weSpain ekumeni jikelele ushiya ungathandeki. Ngokuvamile, amadoda asheshayo angama-5 km ahlala e-Ukraine (ngokwesilinganiso agijima leli banga ngemizuzu engama-25 ngemizuzwana engu-8), eSpain (imizuzu engama-25 imizuzwana engu-9) naseSwitzerland (imizuzu engama-25 imizuzwana engu-13).
Isilinganiso sezinkomba zamakhilomitha ama-5 - amadoda
Amadoda ahamba kancane kulokhu kuyalwa ngabantu basePhilippines (imizuzu engama-42 imizuzwana eyi-15), abaseNew Zealand (imizuzu engama-43 imizuzwana engama-29) noThais (imizuzu engama-50 imizuzwana engama-46).
Ngokuqondene nabesifazane abashesha kakhulu, bangama-Ukraine (imizuzu engama-29 imizuzwana engama-26), isiHungary (imizuzu engama-29 amasekhondi angama-28) ne-Austrian (imizuzu engama-31 imizuzwana engu-8). Ngasikhathi sinye, abesifazane base-Ukraine bagijima ngejubane elingamakhilomitha ama-5 kunamadoda avela emazweni ayi-19 ohlwini olungenhla.
Isilinganiso sezinkomba zamakhilomitha ama-5 - abesifazane
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, abesifazane baseSpain bangabagijimi besibili abagijima kakhulu ebangeni le-5 km. Imiphumela efanayo ikhonjiswa yiNew Zealand, iPhilippines neThailand.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amanye amazwe athuthukise ukusebenza kwawo kakhulu, kanti amanye ehlele ezansi kwetafula lesikhundla. Ngezansi igrafu ekhombisa amandla wokuqeda isikhathi ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10. Ngokwesheduli, ngenkathi abasePhilippines beqhubeka babagijimi abahamba kancane, bathuthuke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwabo kule minyaka embalwa edlule.
Ama-Irish asekhule kakhulu. Isikhathi sabo sokuqeda esimaphakathi sinciphile cishe imizuzu engu-6 ephelele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iSpain yehlise ijubane ngokwesilinganiso ngemizuzu emi-5 - ukwedlula noma yiliphi elinye izwe.
Qedela amandla wesikhathi eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule (amakhilomitha ama-5)
Qedela isikhathi ngezwe - 10 km
Izizwe ezisheshayo ebangeni le-10 km
AbaseSwitzerland bahola ukukleliswa kwabagijimi abashesha kakhulu ku-10 km. Ngokwesilinganiso, bagijima ibanga ngemizuzu engama-52 imizuzwana engama-42. Endaweni yesibili yiLuxembourg (imizuzu engama-53 imizuzwana engu-6), bese kweyesithathu - iPortugal (imizuzu engama-53 imizuzwana engama-43). Ngaphezu kwalokho, iPortugal iphakathi kwamathathu aphezulu ebangeni lemarathon.
Ngokuqondene namazwe ahamba kancane, iThailand neVietnam baphumelela lapha futhi. Sekukonke, la mazwe ahamba phambili amathathu emabangeni ama-3 kwangu-4.
Isilinganiso sezinkomba ze-10 km
Uma sibheka izinkomba zamadoda, iSwitzerland isendaweni ye-1 (enamaphuzu emizuzu engama-48 amasekhondi angama-23), kanti iLuxembourg ingeyesibili (imizuzu engama-49 imizuzwana engu-58). Ngasikhathi sinye, indawo yesithathu inabantu baseNorway abanesilinganiso semizuzu engama-50 umzuzwana owodwa.
Isilinganiso sezinkomba ze-10 km - amadoda
Kwabesifazane, abesifazane basePutukezi bagijima amakhilomitha ayi-10 ngokushesha (imizuzu engama-55 amasekhondi angama-40), okukhombisa imiphumela engcono kunabesilisa abavela eVietnam, eNigeria, eThailand, eBulgaria, eGrisi, eHungary, eBelgium, e-Austria naseSerbia.
Isilinganiso sokusebenza samakhilomitha ayi-10 - abesifazane
Eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule, amazwe angama-5 kuphela athuthukise imiphumela yawo ngebanga elingu-10 km. Abase-Ukraine benze konke okusemandleni abo - namuhla bagijima amakhilomitha ayi-10 imizuzu engu-12 ngemizuzwana engama-36 ngokushesha. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-Italiya anciphisa ijubane kakhulu, engeza imizuzu eyi-9 nohhafu esikhathini sabo sokuqeda esimaphakathi.
Qeda ukuguquguquka kwesikhathi eminyakeni eyishumi edlule (amakhilomitha ayi-10).
Qeda Isikhathi Ngezwe - IHalf Marathon
I-Fastest Nations Half Marathon
I-Russia ihola izinga lesigamu semarathon ngemiphumela emaphakathi yehora eli-1 imizuzu engama-45 imizuzwana eyi-11. IBelgium iza ngokwesibili (ihora eli-1 imizuzu engama-48 imizuzwana e-1), kanti iSpain iza ngeyesithathu (ihora eli-1 imizuzu engama-50 imizuzwana engama-20). Uhhafu wemarathon uthandwa kakhulu eYurophu, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi abaseYurophu bakhombisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu kuleli banga.
Ngokuqondene nabagijimi be-marathon abahamba kancane kunabo bonke, bahlala eMalaysia. Ngokwesilinganiso, abagijimi abavela kuleli zwe bahamba kancane ngama-33% kunabaseRussia.
Isilinganiso sesikhombi sehhafu yemarathon
I-Russia ihamba phambili emjahweni wesigamu phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa. IBelgium ithatha indawo yesibili kuyo yomibili imikhakha.
Izinga Lokusebenza KweHalf Marathon - Amadoda
Abesifazane baseRussia bagijimisa umjaho wesigamu ngokushesha kunabesilisa abavela emazweni angama-48 asezingeni. Umphumela omuhle.
Izinga Lomphumela Wesiqingatha seMarathon - Abesifazane
Njengasesimeni sebanga elingu-10 km, amazwe angama-5 kuphela athuthukise imiphumela yawo kuhafu wemarathon eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Abasubathi baseRussia bakhule kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, bathatha imizuzu eyi-13 ngaphansi kwemizuzwana engama-45 ngemarathon yesigamu namuhla. Kumele uqaphele iBelgium endaweni yesi-2, eyenze ngcono imiphumela yayo emaphakathi ku-half marathon ngemizuzu engu-7 nohhafu.
Ngasizathu simbe, izakhamizi zamazwe aseScandinavia - iDenmark neNetherlands - zehlise ijubane kakhulu.Kepha basaqhubeka nokukhombisa imiphumela ehloniphekile futhi bakwabalishumi abaphezulu.
Qedela amandla wesikhathi kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule (uhhafu wemarathon)
Qeda Isikhathi Ngezwe - IMarathon
Izizwe ezisheshayo emjahweni
Umjaho wokugijima osheshayo yibo abaseSpain (amahora amathathu nemizuzu engama-53 amasekhondi angu-59), abaseSwitzerland (amahora amathathu nemizuzu engama-55 amasekhondi ayi-12) namaPutukezi (amahora amathathu nemizuzu engama-59 amasekhondi angama-31).
Imiphumela yokulinganisa yemarathon
Phakathi kwamadoda, abagijimi abahamba phambili emjahweni waseSpain ngabaseSpain (amahora amathathu nemizuzu engama-49 amasekhondi angama-21), amaPutukezi (amahora amathathu nemizuzu engama-55 amasekhondi ayi-10) kanye nabaseNorway (amahora amathathu nemizuzu engama-55 imizuzu engu-14).
Izinga Lokusebenza KweMarathon - Amadoda
Abathathu abaphezulu kwabesifazane bahluke ngokuphelele kwabesilisa. Ngokwesilinganiso, imiphumela ehamba phambili emjahweni wabesifazane ikhonjiswa yiSwitzerland (amahora ama-4 imizuzu engu-4 amasekhondi angu-31), i-Iceland (amahora amane nemizuzu engu-13 imizuzwana engama-51) ne-Ukraine (amahora amane nemizuzu engu-14 imizuzwana eyishumi).
Abesifazane baseSwitzerland basemaminithini ayi-9 imizuzwana engama-20 ngaphambi kwabaxoshayo abaseduze - abesifazane base-Iceland. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bagijima kakhulu kunamadoda avela kuma-63% wamanye amazwe asezingeni. Kubandakanya i-UK, i-USA, iJapane, iNingizimu Afrika, iSingapore, iVietnam, iPhilippines, iRussia, iNdiya, iChina neMexico.
Izinga Lokusebenza KweMarathon - Abesifazane
Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ukusebenza kwamamarathon emazweni amaningi kuye konakala. AbaseVietnam behlisa ijubane kakhulu - isikhathi sabo sokuqeda esimaphakathi sikhuphuke cishe ihora. Ngasikhathi sinye, abase-Ukraine bazibonakalise bedlula konke, bathuthukisa imiphumela yabo ngemizuzu engama-28 nengxenye.
Ngokuqondene namazwe angewona awaseYurophu, iJapan kufanelekile ukuphawula. Eminyakeni yakamuva, abaseJapan bebelokhu begijimisa imarathon imizuzu eyi-10 ngokushesha.
Qedela amandla wesikhathi kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule (imarathon)
Amandla obudala
Abagijimi abakaze babe badala
Iminyaka yobudala yabagijimi iyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Ngo-1986, lesi sibalo sasiyiminyaka engama-35.2, kwathi ngo-2018 - sesivele sineminyaka engama-39.3. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko: abanye abantu abaqale ukugijima ngama-90s bayaqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo wezemidlalo kuze kube namuhla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ugqozi lokudlala ezemidlalo lushintshile, futhi manje abantu abasayijahi imiphumela. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukugijima sekungabizi kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi nendawo nabadala. Isikhathi esilinganisiwe sokuqeda kanye nenani labagijimi abahambela ukungenela imincintiswano lenyukile, abantu baqale ukugijima kancane ukuze babeke ingqophamlando yobudala (iminyaka engama-30, 40, 50).
Isilinganiso seminyaka sabagijimi abangama-5 km sikhuphukile sisuka eminyakeni engama-32 kuya kwengama-40 (ngo-25%), ngamakhilomitha ayi-10 - sisuka kwengu-33 saya kwengu-39 iminyaka (23%), sabagijimi bemarathon uhhafu - sisuka ku-37.5 kuya eminyakeni engama-39 (3%), nakwabagijimi be-marathon - kusuka eminyakeni engama-38 kuye kwengama-40 (6%).
Amandla obudala
Qedela izikhathi ngamaqembu ahlukene ngokweminyaka
Njengoba bekulindelekile, imiphumela ehamba kancane ikhonjiswa njalo ngabantu abangaphezu kwama-70 (kubo isikhathi sokuqeda esimaphakathi ngo-2018 ngamahora ama-5 nemizuzu engama-40). Kodwa-ke, ukuba mncane akusho ukuthi kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ngakho-ke, umphumela omuhle ukhonjiswa yiqembu leminyaka yobudala kusuka eminyakeni engama-30 kuye kwengama-50 (isilinganiso sokuqeda isikhathi - amahora amane amahora angu-24). Ngasikhathi sinye, abagijimi abafinyelela eminyakeni engama-30 ubudala babonisa isikhathi sokuqeda isilinganiso samahora ama-4 imizuzu engama-32. Inkomba ifana nemiphumela yabantu abaneminyaka engama-50-60 ubudala - amahora amane nemizuzu engama-34.
Qedela ukuguquguquka kwesikhathi emaqenjini ahlukene eminyaka:
Lokhu kungachazwa ngomehluko wesipiliyoni. Noma, kungenjalo, ababambiqhaza abasebasha bavele "bazame" ukuthi kunjani ukugijima imarathon. Noma babamba iqhaza enkampanini nangenxa yabangane abasha, futhi abalweli ukuthola imiphumela ephezulu.
Ukusatshalaliswa kweminyaka
Kuma-marathoni, kunokwanda kwesabelo sabantu abasha abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala (kusuka ku-1.5% kuya ku-7.8%), kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunabagijimi abambalwa abasukela eminyakeni engama-20 kuye kwengama-30 ubudala (kusukela ku-23.2% kuya ku-15.4%). Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngasikhathi sinye, inani labahlanganyeli abaneminyaka engama-40-50 likhula (lisuka ku-24.7% laya ku-28.6%).
Ukusatshalaliswa kweminyaka - imarathon
Ebangeni lamakhilomitha ama-5, bambalwa abahlanganyeli abasebasha, kepha inani labagijimi abangaphezu kuka-40 likhula ngokuqinile.Ngakho-ke ibanga elingu-5 km lilikhulu kubaqalayo, kusukela kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi namuhla abantu baya ngokuya baqala ukugijima phakathi naphakathi nokuguga.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani labagijimi abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala ebangeni elingu-5 km cishe alizange liguquke, noma kunjalo, iphesenti labasubathi abaneminyaka engama-20-30 ubudala lehle lisuka ku-26.8% laya ku-18.7%. Kukhona nokwehla kwabahlanganyeli abaneminyaka engama-30-40 - kusuka ku-41.6% kuya ku-32.9%.
Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ubudala balandisa ngaphezu kwengxenye yabahlanganyeli emijahweni yama-5 km. Kusukela ngo-1986, izinga likhule lisuka ku-26.3% laya ku-50.4%.
Ukusatshalaliswa kweminyaka - 5 km
Ukunqoba imarathon kuyimpumelelo yangempela. Phambilini, abantu babevame ukugubha iminyaka yobudala (30, 40, 50, 60) ngokugijima imarathon. Namuhla leli siko alikapheli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwijika le-2018 (bona igrafu engezansi), usengabona iziqongo ezincane ezibhekene neminyaka "eyindilinga". Kepha ngokujwayelekile, lo mkhuba ubonakala ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-15 nengama-30 edlule, ikakhulukazi uma sinaka izinkomba zeminyaka engama-30-40.
Ukusatshalaliswa kweminyaka
Ukusatshalaliswa kweminyaka ngokocansi
Kwabesifazane, ukusatshalaliswa kweminyaka kususelwa kwesobunxele, kanti iminyaka yobudala yabahlanganyeli yiminyaka engama-36. Ngokuvamile, abesifazane baqala futhi bayeke ukugijima besebancane. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokuzalwa nokukhuliswa kwezingane, lapho abesifazane bedlala indima enkulu kunabesilisa.
Ukusatshalaliswa kweminyaka phakathi kwabesifazane
Esikhathini esiningi amadoda agijima eneminyaka engama-40, futhi ngokujwayelekile ukusatshalaliswa kweminyaka kungaphezulu ngisho kwabesilisa kunabesifazane.
Ukusatshalaliswa kweminyaka phakathi kwamadoda
Abesifazane abagijimayo
Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni, abagijimi besifazane abaningi kunabesilisa
Ukugijima kungenye yezemidlalo efinyeleleka kakhulu kwabesifazane. Namuhla inani labesifazane emijahweni engama-5 km lilinganiselwa ku-60%.
Ngokwesilinganiso, kusukela ngo-1986, iphesenti labesifazane abagijimayo likhule lisuka ku-20% laya ku-50%.
Amaphesenti abesifazane
Ngokuvamile, amazwe anephesenti eliphakeme labasubathi besifazane angamazwe anokulingana okuphezulu kobulili emphakathini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Iceland, i-United States neCanada, ezisezindaweni ezintathu eziphezulu kuma-rankings. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngasizathu simbe, abesifazane abagijimi e-Italy naseSwitzerland - kanye naseNdiya, eJapan naseNyakatho Korea.
Amazwe ama-5 anephesenti eliphakeme neliphansi kakhulu labagijimi besifazane
Asebenza kanjani amazwe ahlukene
Phakathi kwabo bonke abagijimi, iJalimane, iSpain neNetherlands banamaphesenti amakhulu kunabo bonke abagijimi be-marathon. AmaFulentshi namaCzechs bawuthanda kakhulu umjaho wemarathon. INorway neDenmark banabagijimi abaningi ebangeni elingu-10 km, kuyilapho ama-5 km run ethandwa kakhulu e-USA, ePhilippines naseNingizimu Afrika.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwabahlanganyeli ngebanga
Uma sicabanga ukusatshalaliswa kwamabanga ngamazwekazi, khona-ke eNyakatho Melika kuqhutshwa amakhilomitha ama-5, e-Asia - amakhilomitha ayi-10, naseYurophu - uhhafu wemarathoni.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwamabanga ngamazwekazi
Yimaphi amazwe asebenza kakhulu kuwo
Ake sibheke iphesenti labagijimi enanini labantu emazweni ehlukene. Uthando lwase-Ireland lokuqhuba ngaphezu kwakho konke - u-0.5% wabantu bezwe ubamba iqhaza kulo mncintiswano. Lokho, empeleni, wonke umuntu wase-Irish wase-200 ubamba iqhaza kulo mncintiswano. Kulandelwa i-UK neNetherlands ngo-0.2%.
Amaphesenti abagijimi ezweni lonke labantu (2018)
Isimo sezulu nokusebenza
Ngokuya ngemiphumela yocwaningo lwakamuva, kungashiwo ukuthi izinga lokushisa linomphumela ophawulekile ngokwesilinganiso sesikhathi sokuqeda. Kulokhu, izinga lokushisa elifanele kakhulu lokugijima lingu-4-10 degrees Celsius (noma 40-50 Fahrenheit).
Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokugijima
Ngalesi sizathu, isimo sezulu sithonya isifiso sabantu namandla okugijima. Ngakho-ke, iningi labagijimi litholakala emazweni anezimo zezulu ezipholile nezisemakhazeni, futhi ngaphansi kwezindawo ezishisayo nezisendaweni eshisayo.
Amaphesenti abagijimi ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu
Umkhuba wokuhamba
Ukuhambela ukuncintisana akukaze kube ngaphezulu ethandwa
Bayanda abantu abahamba iqhaza kulo mjaho. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokwenyuka okukhulu esilinganisweni sabagijimi abahambela kwamanye amazwe ukuhlanganyela emicimbini yezemidlalo.
Phakathi kwabasubathi bama-marathon, lesi sibalo sisuke ku-0.2 saya ku-3.5%. Phakathi kwabagijimi be-marathon isigamu - kusuka ku-0.1% kuya ku-1.9%. Phakathi kwamamodeli we-10K - kusuka ku-0.2% kuya ku-1.4%. Kepha phakathi kwezinkulungwane ezinhlanu, iphesenti labahambi lehle lisuka ku-0.7% laya ku-0.2%. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwesibalo semicimbi yezemidlalo emazweni akubo, okwenza kungadingeki ukuhamba.
Isilinganiso sabezizwe nabahlali bendawo phakathi kwabahlanganyeli emijahweni
Umkhuba uchazwa iqiniso lokuthi ukuhamba kuya ngokuya kutholakala kalula. Abantu abaningi bakhuluma isiNgisi (ikakhulukazi emicimbini yezemidlalo), futhi kukhona nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhumusha ezilusizo. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona kugrafu engezansi, kule minyaka engama-20 edlule, iphesenti labantu abakhuluma isiNgisi abahambela amazwe angakhulumi isiNgisi ukuyoqhudelana selikhule lisuka ku-10.3% laya ku-28.8%.
Ukunyamalala kwezithiyo zolimi
Imiphumela yabancintisana basekhaya nabangaphandle
Ngokwesilinganiso, abasubathi bangaphandle bagijima kakhulu kunabasubathi bendawo, kepha leli gebe lincipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngo-1988, isilinganiso sokuqeda isikhathi sabagijimi besifazane bakwamanye amazwe kwakuyizikhathi ezingama-3 amahora ama-56, okuyi-7% esheshayo kunabesifazane bendawo (esimweni sabo, isikhathi sokuqeda isilinganiso kwaba amahora ama-4 imizuzu eyi-13). Ngo-2018, leli gebe lase linciphe laya ku-2%. Namuhla isilinganiso sokuqeda isikhathi sabancintisana bendawo amahora amane nemizuzu engama-51, nakwabesifazane bakwamanye amazwe - amahora amane amahora angu-46.
Ngokuqondene nabesilisa, abokufika babejwayele ukugijima ama-8% ngokushesha kunabendawo. Ngo-1988, owokuqala weqa umugqa wokuqeda ngamahora ama-3 imizuzu engama-29, kanti owokugcina ngamahora ama-3 imizuzu engama-45. Namuhla, isilinganiso sokuqeda isikhathi ngamahora ama-4 imizuzu engama-21 yabantu bendawo namahora ama-4 amaminithi ayi-11 abokufika. Umehluko unciphe waba ngu-4%.
Qedela ukuguquguquka kwesikhathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane
Futhi qaphela ukuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, ababambiqhaza bangaphandle emijahweni baneminyaka engu-4.4 ubudala kunabendawo.
Iminyaka yabahlanganyeli basekhaya nabangaphandle
Amazwe wokuhamba kwabahlanganyeli bezinhlanga
Iningi labantu lithanda ukuya emazweni aphakathi nendawo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emazweni anjalo kunenqwaba yemincintiswano ebanjwayo, futhi ngokuvamile kulula kakhulu ukuhamba kuyo.
Amathuba Wokuya Ezweni Ngosayizi
Imvamisa, abasubathi basuka emazweni amancane. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi akukho mincintiswano eyanele ezweni lakubo.
Amathuba okuhamba ngosayizi wezwe
Kushintsha kanjani ukugqugquzela kwabagijimi?
Sekukonke, kunezisusa ezi-4 eziyinhloko ezikhuthaza abantu ukuthi bagijime.
Isisusa sengqondo:
- Ukugcina noma ukuthuthukisa ukuzethemba
- Ukufuna injongo yokuphila
- Ukucindezela imizwa engemihle
Isisusa senhlalo:
- Isifiso sokuzizwa uyinhlangano noma iqembu
- Ukuqashelwa nokwamukelwa kwabanye
Isisusa somzimba:
- Ezempilo
- Ukwehla kwesisindo
Isisusa sokufeza:
- Umncintiswano
- Izinhloso zomuntu siqu
Kusuka emncintiswaneni kuye ekuhlangenwe nakho okungenakulibaleka
Kunezimpawu ezimbalwa ezicacile zokushintsha kwesisusa somgijimi:
- Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokumboza amabanga siyakhuphuka
- Abagijimi abaningi baya ukuncintisana
- Kunabantu abambalwa abagijimayo ukumaka ingqophamlando yobudala
it can kuchazwe iqiniso lokuthi namuhla abantu banaka kakhulu izinhloso zengqondo, hhayi impumelelo yezemidlalo.
Kepha esinye isizathu can kuxhomeke ekutheni namuhla ezemidlalo sezifinyeleleka kalula kubantu abayizimfundamakhwela, inkuthazo yabo eyehlukile kunaleyo yochwepheshe. Okungukuthi, isisusa sokuzuza asikanyamalali ndawo, inani elikhulu labantu abanezinye izinhloso nezisusa ezaqala ukuzibandakanya kwezemidlalo. Kungenxa yalaba bantu ukuthi sibona ushintsho ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile zokuqeda, ukuthambekela kokuhamba kanye nokwehla emijahweni yobudala.
Mhlawumbe ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abasubathi abaningi, beqhutshwa yisisusa sokuphumelela, bashintshele ezinhlotsheni ezimbi kakhulu zokugijima. Mhlawumbe umgijimi ovamile namuhla ukwazisa okwenzekayo nokuhlangenwe nakho okusha kunanini ngaphambili. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi ugqozi lokufeza lubuyele emuva ngemuva. Ukuthi impumelelo yezemidlalo idlala indima encane namuhla kunokubonakala okuhle.
Umbhali wocwaningo lwangempela
UJens Jacob Andersen - fan of amabanga amafushane. Ukwenza okuhle kakhulu kumakhilomitha ama-5 yimizuzu eyi-15 imizuzwana engama-58. Ngokuya ngemijaho eyizigidi ezingama-35, ubalwa phakathi kwabagijimi abashesha kakhulu ku-0.2% emlandweni.
Esikhathini esedlule, uJens Jakob wayenesitolo sezinto zokusebenza ezisebenzayo futhi ebengumgijimi osezingeni eliphezulu.
Umsebenzi wakhe uvela njalo kuThe New York Times, Washington Post, BBC nakwezinye izincwadi eziningana ezihloniphekile. Ubuye waveza kuma-podcast asebenzayo angaphezu kwama-30.
Ungasebenzisa izinto ezisuka kulo mbiko kuphela uma kubhekiswa ocwaningweni lokuqala. kanye nesixhumanisi esisebenzayo sokuhumusha.
