Ukwephuka komgogodla we-lumbar: izimbangela, ukwelashwa * Isiphambano

Ukwephuka kweLumbar - ukwephula ubuqotho bama-vertebra (s). I-pathogenesis iyi-bend eqinile engeyona eyemvelo lapho iwa, ishaya emuva. Isimo se-pathological sibangela ubuhlungu obukhulu besifo, ukuqina kokunyakaza, ukuqina kwemisipha nokuvuvukala endaweni yesilonda. Ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwezitho zomzimba, ukukhubazeka, i-paresis kungabonakala. Ukwenza ukuxilongwa, sebenzisa izindlela zesimanje zokuxilonga. Lapho kungekho zinkinga, kukhethwa umuthi wokwelapha olandelanayo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka.

Izizathu

Isimo se-pathological sivame ukwenzeka lapho:

Ukuhlala emuva kwakho.
Ukuntywila emanzini emanzini angajulile.
Ukujika okucijile noma ukunwebeka. Lokhu kuvamise ukwenzeka lapho kubhulekelwa kungalindelekile noma lapho kushaywa isithiyo esiqinile, imoto okuyo isisulu.
Ukushaywa komhlane ongezansi. Futhi, lolu hlobo lokulimala luyatholwa ngabantu ababambe iqhaza emandleni noma kwezemidlalo esebenzayo.

Intuthuko

Ukwehlukaniswa kuvame ukuhlukaniswa:

ukucindezela;
ukususwa kwemisipha;
ihlukaniswe.

Uhlobo lokuqala luyacasula:

ukuminyana esifundeni sangaphakathi se-vertebra;
ukwahlukana kwalo;
isicaba esimise okwembaba.

Kunezigaba ezintathu zokucindezela:

I - ngaphansi kwethonya lomthwalo wamandla, umzimba uhlala (uba mfushane) ngama-30% noma ngaphansi;
II - ngo-30-50%;
III - 50% noma ngaphezulu.

Ukwehlukaniswa kokucindezelwa kuvame ukuthinta i-vertebra eyodwa (kuyaqabukela kutholakala). Ukwephulwa komthetho kubonakala emzimbeni wakhe kuphela. Imvamisa, ukulimala kwenzeka lapho uwe ephuzwini lesihlanu noma emilenzeni engezansi enwetshiwe. Ngohlobo lokucindezelwa, ukuxilongwa okuphelele kuyadingeka, ngoba kuvame ukuhambisana nokuqhekeka kwe-calcaneus noma amathambo we-pelvic.

Uhlobo oluhlukanisiwe lubonakala ngokungena kodonga lwangaphakathi lwe-vertebra emzimbeni otholakala ngezansi. Lokhu kulimala kubi kakhulu kunohlobo lwangaphambilini ngoba:

i-disc ye-intervertebral ingahlukaniswa yaba izingxenye ezi-2 noma ngaphezulu;
lesi siqeshana sisuswe emuva saya emuva (kwesinye isikhathi emuva kuphela), okuholela ekulimaleni kwesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi nomsele womgogodla.

Uma kwenzeka kuphuka ukwahlukana, izingxenye ezingaphezulu ziya phambili. Kungahambisana nalokhu:

ukufuduka kwama-vertebrae aseduze;
izinqubo zamathambo nemengamo.

Isimo se-pathological sidala imiphumela engathandeki yezinhlaka zesistimu yezinzwa (NS):

ukubakhama ngamandla angafani;
ukulimaza noma ukuqhekeka kwezinzwa, ukulimala komgogodla.

Umonakalo uhlukaniswe waba:

ayinzima (i-NS ayilimazi);
okuyinkimbinkimbi (kwakukhona ukucindezelwa, ukubhujiswa, ukuqhekeka kwe-NS).

Ukuhlukaniswa nge-pathogenesis:

okwethusayo;
izifo.

Uhlobo lokuqala lubonwa ngemuva kokushaywa, ukuwa. Uhlobo lwe-pathological luyakhula ngesifo esivele sikhona, esiholele ekunciphiseni kwezicubu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngemuva kwezifo ezilandelayo:

isimila esibi noma esibi;
ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo;
isifo sofuba samathambo;
i-osteomyelitis.

Uhlobo lwe-pathological lungakhula ngomthwalo omncane esifundeni se-lumbar. Kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nesisindo somzimba wakho sanele.

Izimpawu

Uma kwenzeka ukulimala, kubonakala isithombe esilandelayo somtholampilo:

ubuhlungu;
ukuqina kokunyakaza;
ukungezwani isikhathi eside kwemisipha yangemuva;
ukuvuvukala endaweni yomonakalo.

Ubuhlungu bungabonakala ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Isici	Incazelo
Ukwenza kwasendaweni	Indawo yokuqhekeka.
Ukubhebhetheka	Ingadlulisela kwizicubu ezizungezile.
Uhlamvu	Ubuhlungu.
Ukuchazeka	Maphakathi kuya kokuqinile. Izinzwa ezibuhlungu zanda ngokunyakaza.
Isikhathi sokwenzeka	Ngokuvamile ngesikhathi sokulimala. Kepha kungenzeka bangaveli ngokushesha, kepha ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa kulinyaziwe.

Ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe kwenzeka ngenxa yalokhu:

ukuvimba nge-splinter ye-vertebra;
ukulimala kokuphela kwezinzwa okubhekele ukusebenza kwemoto;
ezwa ubuhlungu obukhulu ngesiguli (uzama ngokuzikhandla ukunganyakazi ukuze agweme ukuzwa okungathandeki).

Ukuqina kwemisipha nokuvuvukala kuyimpendulo yemvelo yomzimba ekulimaleni.

Kwesinye isikhathi (kungakhathalekile ukuthi ngabe ezinye izakhiwo sezihluphekile noma cha), kungavela lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

ukuqumba;
ukuqunjelwa;
ukuzwa isicanucanu;
ukuhlanza, ngemuva kwalokho isimo asibi ngcono.

Ngokunqotshwa kwe-NS, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo ziyabonakala:

ukunciphisa noma ukulahlekelwa ukuzwela;
ukuqinisa noma ukwenza buthakathaka ukucabanga;
ubuthakathaka bemisipha ngaphansi kwendawo yokulimala (kwesinye isikhathi ukukhubazeka kungenzeka);
izinkinga zokuchama.

Ngohlobo lokucindezelwa, izimpawu zifiphele. Imvamisa isiguli asimnaki nokumnaka futhi asenzi ukubonana nodokotela. I-pathology ivame ukutholwa ngengozi.

Ngohlobo lwe-pathological, olubangelwa yi-osteoporosis, izinqwaba eziningi esezivele zifakiwe zivame ukutholakala. Lokhu kubangela ukusonteka kwekholomu yomgogodla, kuze kube ukwakheka kwe-hump.

Ngokuphuka okuguqukayo, izimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla ziyabonakala. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zibonakala kakhulu.

Usizo oluphuthumayo

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola usizo lokuqala ngemuva kokulimala. Impumelelo yokwelashwa okuqhubekayo incike kulokhu. Isenzo esifanele sizonciphisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga futhi sikhulise amathuba omphumela omuhle.

Okokuqala, udinga ukubiza i-ambulensi. Ngaphambi kokufika kwesisulu, beka endaweni evundlile endaweni eqinile, eyisicaba. Beka umcamelo ophansi ngaphansi kwekhanda, ne-roller ngaphansi komhlane ongezansi (kungenziwa ngamathawula).

Ngokulimala kanzima, isiguli kungenzeka singakwazi ukuzwa umzimba ophansi. Uhlangabezana nokushaqeka okubuhlungu, alahlekelwe ukwazi, ahlanze. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abantu abaphunyukayo bangangeni emgudwini wokuphefumula futhi umuntu angaminyanisi kubo. Ukuvimbela lokhu, isisulu kufanele siphendulwe ngobumnene siye ohlangothini olulodwa futhi silungiswe kule ndawo ngemicamelo.

I-splint kufanele isetshenziswe endaweni yokulimala. Ukwehlisa lesi simo, nikeza izinhlungu zokunciphisa izinhlungu ezitholakala kwikhabethe yemithi yasekhaya. Kungcono ukufaka iqhwa noma okuthile okubandayo emonakalweni. Ungahambisa isiguli ku-stretcher eqinile noma ebhodini.

Zonke izindlela zokwelapha

Uma amathambo engasuki ndawo futhi umgogodla ungathinteki, khona-ke ukwelashwa okulondolozayo kuyabekwa. Kuhloselwe ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwezimoto ngaphandle kobuhlungu nokungaphatheki kahle, ukubuyisela isikhundla semvelo somgogodla. Izinyathelo ngezinyathelo:

Phumula embhedeni wamathambo.
Ukuvinjelwa kweLumbar ngemijovo yokubulala izinzwa.
Ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala ezingezona i-steroidal nama-analgesics.
Ukunikezwa kwemithi equkethe i-calcium.
Ukudonswa kwamathambo.
Ukuphakamisa umlenze wombhede ngo-30 °.
Ukulungisa isisindo se-14 kg esithendeni noma ku-shin.
Ukukhipha izindawo eziguqulwe ngokugula.
Ukubeka i-corset (amasonto ama-5 ngemuva kokuqala kokwelashwa).
Ukuqokwa kwe-vertebroplasty (i-vertebra eyonakele kulungiswa ngosimende wezokwelapha, lokhu kusheshisa inqubo yokutakula). Ukuphathwa kuvunyelwe kuphela ngokungabikho kokufuduka kwama-disc intervertebral.

I-Corset

Faka ukulungiswa, ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo. Kwenziwa ngamunye esigulini ngasinye, kucatshangelwa izici zesibalo.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kanye ne-massage

I-Physiotherapy yindlela yokwelashwa ebekiwe ngemuva kokwelapha okulondolozayo noma ukuhlinzwa.

Ukuze ubuyele ngokushesha empilweni ejwayelekile, udinga ukulandela ngokuqinile zonke izincomo zikadokotela, wenze izivivinyo nsuku zonke.

Uma kungekho i-syndrome ebuhlungu obukhulu, ukwelashwa kokuzivocavoca kunqunyelwe izinsuku ezingama-3-5 zokwelashwa:

Ukuzivocavoca okumile nokuphefumula. Lokhu kuthatha amasonto ambalwa.
© Photo_Ma - stock.adobe.com
Esontweni lokuqala, ungahambisa imilenze yakho ngenkathi ulele embhedeni. Izithende azisuki, umlenze owodwa uhamba ngokushintshana. Awukwazi ukugcina umlenze oqondile!
© AntonioDiaz - stock.adobe.com

Uma ekupheleni kwesonto lokuqala isiguli singakwazi ukuphakamisa umlenze oqondile imizuzwana engu-15 futhi singabuzwa ubuhlungu, khona-ke usulungile.

Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, ukuphendukela esiswini kuvunyelwe. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela, i-roller ibekwa ngaphansi kwesifuba nezinyawo (10-15 cm ecaleni lesibili). Kulesi sikhundla, isiguli silele kusuka kumizuzu engama-20 kuye kwengu-30 izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku.
© Iryna - stock.adobe.com
Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwamane ibhayisikili lingenziwa ngokushintshana ngomlenze ngamunye. Okunye ukuzivocavoca nokuphakamisa imilenze ngenkathi ulele ngomhlane noma esiswini kuvunyelwe.
© zest_marina - stock.adobe.com
Esigabeni sokugcina, kuvunyelwe ukuthi kuphakame kusuka endaweni yokuguqa (awukwazi ukuvuka endaweni yokuhlala!). Ukuhamba ngaphandle kwengcindezi engafanele emilenzeni kuvumelekile. Konke ukunyakaza kuhloselwe ukuqinisa imisipha yemikhawulo engezansi, ebuthakathaka ngesikhathi sokuphumula isikhathi eside. Ukuncika phambili kuvunyelwe izinyanga ezingama-3.5 kuphela ngemuva kokuqala kokuhamba. Futhi, kunconywa amakilasi echibini ukuze alulame ngokushesha.

Ukuze izivivinyo zizuzise, kufanele ulandele imithetho elula:

kwenze nsuku zonke;
yenza indlela ngayinye ngempumelelo, ngaphandle kokuvilapha;
ukusabalalisa kahle umthwalo (ukuntuleka kwawo kuzoholela ekungasebenzini kwezenzo, futhi ukweqisa kungasenza sibe sibi isimo).

Uma uzithwalisa ngokweqile ngokuzivocavoca umzimba, kungavela lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:

ukunciphisa noma ukumisa ukulungiswa kwezicubu;
ukukhululeka kwama-vertebrae;
i-hernia;
ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo;
i-neuralgia;
ukukhubazeka kwemikhawulo engezansi;
ukungakwazi ukubamba umchamo;
ukwephulwa komsebenzi wokuzala.

Ezigabeni zokuqala, kwabelwa ikota yehora ngosuku lokuzivocavoca umzimba. Khulisa kancane isikhathi ube yimizuzu engama-60, unamathele enkambisweni yansuku zonke:

ukushaja;
ukuhamba ntambama;
ukuzivocavoca imizuzu emihlanu;
amakilasi eqenjini elikhethekile lokwelashwa kokuzivocavoca, ijimu, ichibi lokubhukuda.

Inhloso yokwelashwa kwe-massage ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi nokuqinisa imisipha. Iphinde ivimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga. Inqubo ikhulula i-paresis nokukhubazeka, ibuyisela ukusebenza kahle.

Ukungenelela kokusebenza

Uma ama-vertebrae engashiywanga ndawo, i-kyphoplasty yenziwa: ngokusebenzisa ukusikeka okuncane, amabhaluni alungiswa ukulungisa umzimba we-vertebral. Indawo ethintekile igcwele usimende wethambo. Lo msebenzi omncane owonakalisayo unqunyelwe ukuthuthukisa isimo sesiguli, uvimbele ukubhujiswa okuphindaphindiwe kobuqotho bama-vertebrae. Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile futhi akudingi ukuhlala isikhathi eside esibhedlela.

I-Kyphoplasty inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

ubuhlungu buyadlula;
ukuma okulungile kuyabuyiselwa;
izinkinga azikhuli;
cishe kuhlala izibazi ezingabonakali;
ungalulama ekhaya;
ama-vertebrae ayaqina;
ukuphuka kokucindezelwa kuphulukiswa ngokuphelele uma kungekho ukuhanjiswa kwama-disc.

Ukusebenza kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:

Ukubulala amagciwane kwendawo okuqhutshwa kuyo.
Umjovo wendawo wokubulala izinzwa.
Faka ithubhu ekhethekile ekusikeni.
Ukuthatha isampula lezicubu ukulihlola.
Ukubeka ibhaluni elixegisiwe.
Ukuyigcwalisa ngomoya noma ngoketshezi.
Isusa ibhaluni.
Ukugcwalisa izikhala ezivelayo ngosimende.

Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa nakho kukhonjisiwe ngezilonda ezinzima. Ngokwenza lokhu, kususwa izingcezwana zamathambo, kususwe izicubu ze-necrotic, bese kufakwa isitho sokufakelwa uma kudingeka. Kuvame ukusetshenziswa amapuleti e-titanium.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kubalulekile ukugqoka i-corset cishe izinyanga ezimbili.

Ukuvuselelwa

Ngemuva komthelela wokuhlinzwa, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe esikhathini sokuvuselelwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela yonke imiyalo kadokotela oya khona, ngoba ukuqhubeka okukhona okugcwele kuncike kuyo. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kunikezwa okulandelayo:

ukubhucungwa umzimba;
i-electrotherapy;
i-ultrasound;
Izicelo zikapharafini;
imisebe ye-ultraviolet;
izindlela ze-balneological.

Izinkinga

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinjalo kungenzeka:

Ukuminyaniswa kombhede wemithambo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba ndikindiki ezindaweni eziphakele lesi siteshi.
Ukuncinana kweziphetho zezinzwa, okuholela ekwephuleni kokudlula kwemicabango. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukunyakaza kwesiguli kunqunyelwe.
Ukukhubazeka kwe-Kyphotic, ukwakheka kwe-hump. Lokhu akonakalisi ukubukeka kuphela, kodwa futhi kuthinta kabi umsebenzi wezitho eziseduze.
Ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi, ngoba ngemuva kokulimala, isiguli besinganyakazi isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-bedsores akhiwa, izicubu ezithambile ziyafa.
Izinkinga zepelvic: ukungahambisani nomchamo, ukwanda kwesibeletho, ukungabi namandla.
Ukulahleka kwemisebenzi yezimoto (umuntu angakhubazeka).

Ezimweni ezinzima, umuntu ngeke esakwazi ukubuyela empilweni yakhe ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuthi uqaphele kakhulu: gwema ukuwa, ukushaywa ngemuva. Ngokusola okuncane kokulimala, thintana nomtholampilo ngokushesha ukuthola ukuxilongwa.