Ukusebenza kokudlulisa: inqubo yokwenza kanye nemithetho yokudlulisa okusebenzayo

Inqubo yokudlala yomjaho isuselwa ekusebenzeni okuhlelekile kweqembu, wonke amalungu alo okufanele ahambisane nephethini efanayo. Umjaho wokudlulisa uwukuphela kwesiyalo sama-Olimpiki okufanele senziwe iqembu. Kubukeka kumangalisa kakhulu futhi, ngokwesiko, kuvame ukuqeda umncintiswano.

Izici zesiyalo

Kulesi sihloko sizothola ukuthi yiziphi izici zomjaho wokudlulisa, izinhlobo zawo, amabanga, futhi sizohlaziya inqubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Ngakho-ke, futhi futhi sigcizelela isici esiyinhloko sendlela yokudlala yomjaho - umphumela awutholakali ngawodwana, kepha ngokufaneleka kwethimba. Imvamisa, abagijimi abashesha ukwedlula bonke bakhethwa lesi siyalo, abalunge kakhulu emabangeni we-sprint. Eqinisweni, inqubo yokwenza umjaho wokudlulisa ifana ngokuphelele nenqubo yokugijima ibanga elifushane.

Enkambweni yokuhamba, abasubathi futhi badlula ezigabeni ezi-4 - ukuqala, ukusheshisa, ibanga elikhulu nokuqeda. Isigaba sokugcina sabasubathi abathathu bokuqala sithathelwa indawo ukudluliswa kwenduku (okukhona inqubo yayo), futhi ukuqeda ngokushesha kwenziwa ngumhlanganyeli ngezimfanelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.

Ngamagama alula, umjaho odluliswayo wukususa induku kusuka kumgijimi wokuqala kuya kowesibili, kusuka kowesibili kuye kowesithathu, kusuka kowesithathu kuye kowesine. Lolu hlobo lomncintiswano lwaqala ukubanjwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 lwafakwa ngokusemthethweni ohlelweni lwama-Olympic.

Umjaho wokudlulisa omangalisa kakhulu ngu-4 * 100 m, lapho umgijimi ngamunye eqhuba ingxenye yakhe yomzila ngemizuzwana eyi-12-18, kanti isikhathi esiphelele seqembu asivamile ukudlula umzuzu owodwa nengxenye. Ungakucabanga ukuqina kwenkanuko eqhubeka ngalesi sikhathi kuma-stand?

Bonke abasubathi baziqeqesha njengeqembu. Bafunda ukuthi bangayidlulisa kanjani kahle i-baton ngenkathi begijima, ukuthi bangathola kanjani isivinini esinamandla, ukusheshisa, nokuziqeqesha ukuze baqede.

Uma unentshisekelo yokuthi bangaki abantu ababamba iqhaza eqenjini, sigcizelela ukuthi bangaba baningi emincintiswaneni yama-amateur. Emicimbini yezemidlalo esemthethweni, kuhlale kukhona ukugijima okune.

Masikhulume sodwa ngephaseji emjahweni wokudlulisa - lena yithrekhi ezinikele abagijimi abavunyelwe ukuyishiya. Kodwa-ke, uma abasubathi begijimela kumbuthano (ibanga elingu-4 * 400 m), lapho-ke bangakwazi ukwakha kabusha. Okusho ukuthi, iqembu eliqale lenza induku yokuqala linelungelo lokuhlala kulayini ongakwesokunxele (irediyasi encane inikeza inzuzo encane ebangeni).

Amabanga

Ake sihlaziye izinhlobo zomjaho odluliselwe kwezokusubatha, ake sibize amabanga athandwa kakhulu.

I-IAAF (International Athletics Federation) ihlukanisa amabanga alandelayo:

• 4 * 100 m;
• 4 * 400 m;
• 4 * 200 m;
• 4 * 800 m;
• 4 * 1500 m.

Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala zomjaho wokudlulisa zifakiwe ohlelweni lweMidlalo Yama-Olimpiki, kanti olokugcina lubanjwa kuphela phakathi kwamadoda.

Kukhona futhi amabanga angajwayelekile:

• Ngezigaba ezingalingani (100-200-400-800 m noma okuphambene nalokho). Le ndlela ibizwa nangokuthi isiSwidi;
• 4 * 60 m;
• 4 * 110 m (enezithiyo);
• I-Ekiden - ibanga lemarathon (42,195 m), eligijinywa ngabantu abayi-6 (ngamunye kudingeka agijime ibanga elingaphezulu kwamakhilomitha ayi-7);
• Futhi njll.

Inqubo yokwenza

Ake sibheke inqubo yokusebenza kokudluliswa, yiziphi izici zayo kanye nama-nuances.

1. Abasubathi bahlala ezikhundleni kulo lonke ubude bebanga ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile;
2. Ngokwenqubo, umbambiqhaza wokuqala uqala ekuqaleni okuphansi (ngamabhulokhi), olandelayo - kusuka kokuphakeme;
3. Umphumela urekhodwa ngemuva kokuthi umhlanganyeli wesine eqe umugqa wokuqeda;
4. Indlela yokudlulisa induku emjahweni wokudlulisa idinga ukuqeda umsebenzi endaweni yamamitha angama-20.

Izigaba zomjaho wokudlulisa ziyafana kumhlanganyeli ngamunye:

• Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala, umgijimi ukhulisa ijubane lakhe eliphezulu kakhulu ephethe induku ezandleni zakhe. Ukusheshisa kwenzeka ngokoqobo ezinyathelweni ezintathu zokuqala. Ngasikhathi sinye, umzimba utshekele kancane kuthrekhi, izandla zicindezelwe emzimbeni, zigcinwa zigobile endololwaneni. Ikhanda lehlisiwe, amehlo abheke phansi. Ngezinyawo zakho udinga ukuphuma ngamandla kuthrekhi, kufanele ugijime ikakhulu ezinzwaneni zakho.
• Udinga ukugijimela kumbuthano, ngakho-ke bonke abagijimi bacindezelwe emaphethelweni angakwesokunxele kwethrekhi yabo (akuvunyelwe nakancane ukunyathela uphawu lokwahlukanisa);
• Ake sicabangele ukuthi ungayidlulisa kanjani kahle induku ngenkathi isebenza nokuthi kusho ukuthini “indawo engamamitha angama-20”. Lapho nje amamitha angama-20 esala kumhlanganyeli wesigaba sesibili, lesi sakamuva siqala ekuqaleni okuphezulu futhi siqala ukusheshisa. Ngalesi sikhathi, eyokuqala ihlanganisa amabutho futhi yenza udwi lwejubane elikhulu, ifushanise ibanga.
• Lapho kunamamitha ambalwa nje phakathi kwabagijimi, owokuqala umemeza "OP" bese elula isandla sakhe sokudla ngenduku. Ngokwenqubo, owesibili ubuyisa isandla sobunxele emuva, kuphakanyiswe isundu, bese eyamukela induku;
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, eyokuqala iqala ukwehlisa ijubane iye esitobhini esigcwele, bese kuthi eyesibili iqhubeke nenduku;
• Umgijimi wokugcina kufanele aqedele ukuqeda ephethe induku ngesandla. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uqedele ibanga ngokugijima umugqa, unikine isifuba phambili, usishikizise eceleni.

Ngakho-ke, siphendula umbuzo, iyini indawo yokusheshisa emjahweni wokudlulisa, sigcizelela ukuthi le futhi yindawo yokudlulisa induku.

Imithetho

Umhlanganyeli ngamunye webanga kufanele ayazi imithetho yokwenza umjaho wokudlulisa ezemidlalo. Ngisho nokwephulwa okuncane kwazo kungaholela ekunqunyelweni iqembu lonke.

1. Ukunamathela kubude obungu-30 cm (+/- 2 cm), ubude obungu-13 cm, isisindo ebangeni elingama-50-150 g;
2. Kungaba ipulasitiki, lokhuni, insimbi, isakhiwo singenalutho ngaphakathi;
3. Imvamisa induku inemibala egqamile (ephuzi, ebomvu);
4. Ukudluliswa kwenziwa kusuka esandleni sokudla kuye kwesobunxele futhi okuphambene nalokho;
5. Akuvunyelwe ukudlulisa ngaphandle kwendawo yamamitha angama-20;
6. Ngokwenqubo, i-inventory idluliswa isuka esandleni iya kwesinye, ayikwazi ukuphonswa noma ukusongwa;
7. Ngokwemithetho yokugijima ngenduku yokudlulisela, uma iwa, iphakanyiswa yilowo obambe iqhaza ekudluliseni;
8. Umsubathi oyedwa ugijima isigaba esisodwa;
9. Emabangeni angaphezu kwamamitha angama-400 ngemuva kwethanga lokuqala, kuvunyelwe ukugijima kunoma iyiphi ithrekhi (mahhala okwamanje). Emjahweni wokudlulisa o-4 x 100 metres, wonke amalungu eqembu anqatshelwe ukuthi ashiye iphaseji elinyakazisiwe lokunyakaza.

Amaphutha akwenziwa njalo ngenqubo

Ukuthuthukisa inqubo yomjaho wokudlulisa akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuhlaziya amaphutha, kuyilapho abagijimi kufanele bazijwayele ngokujwayelekile kakhulu kubo:

• Ukudlulisa induku ngaphandle kwephaseji ngamamitha angama-20. Umsubathi olandelayo kufanele aphele kuyo ephethe imishini ngesandla. Kungakho ukuvumelanisa ekuhambeni kwabo bonke ababambiqhaza bokudlulisa kubalulekile. Umgijimi wesibili kufanele abale ngokunembile isikhathi bese eqala ukuze umgijimi wokuqala abe nesikhathi sokumthola futhi enze ukudluliselwa ngesikhathi sesigaba sokusheshisa. Futhi konke lokhu kumamitha angama-20 aqokiwe wethrekhi.
• Akuvunyelwe ukuphazamisa abanye ababambe iqhaza emncintiswaneni. Uma kwenziwa lezi zenzo elinye iqembu lilahlekelwe yinduku, ngeke lijeziswe ngalokhu, ngokungafani nalabo abanecala lesigameko;
• Insimbi kumele idluliswe ngejubane elifanayo, futhi lokhu kutholakala kuphela ngokubhola kwamathimba amaningi. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abasubathi ukuthi bathuthukise inqubo yabo yokudlala edluliselwe.

Ekuboneni kokuqala, inqubo yesiyalo ayibonakali inzima. Eqinisweni, kunama-nuances amaningi lapha, okunzima ukuwaqonda ngemizuzwana nje ukuthi umjaho uhlala kuphi. Abagijimi bokunyathela kuphela abakwaziyo ukubaluleka kwemizamo yabo. Izithameli zingasusa ngobuqotho futhi zikhathazeke ngalabo abagijima enkundleni. Ikhwalithi eyinhloko enquma impumelelo yeqembu, ngokumangazayo, akuyona inqubo ekahle, isivinini esiphezulu noma ukubekezelela insimbi, kepha ubumbano nomoya weqembu onamandla.

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