Emzimbeni womuntu, i-Achilles tendon yiyona enamandla kunazo zonke futhi itholakala ngemuva kwejoyinti le-ankle. Ixhumanisa amathambo esithende nemisipha futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ugobe unyawo, uhambe ngezinzwane noma ngezithende, bese uphusha unyawo lapho ugxuma noma ugijima.
Yinkamba ye-Achilles enikeza umuntu amandla okuhamba ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke, ukuqhuma kwayo kuyingozi enkulu futhi kuthwala izinkinga eziningi zempilo ezinzima.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kube negebe elinjalo, abantu badinga usizo lokuqala ngokushesha, futhi ngokuzayo, ukwelashwa okukhethwe kahle. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, imiphumela yezempilo iyoba yimbi kakhulu futhi ikhubazeke.
Ukuqhekeka kwethenda le-Achilles - izimbangela
Lapho umsipha we-Achilles uqhuma, kukhona ukulimala noma ukwephulwa kobuqotho besakhiwo se-fiber.
Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kuyaziwa ngezizathu ezilandelayo:
Ukulimala kwemishini, isibonelo:
- kwaba nokushaywa kwemisipha;
- balimala ngesikhathi semidlalo nemincintiswano;
- ukuwa okungaphumelelanga, ikakhulukazi kusuka kubude;
- izingozi zezimoto nokuningi.
Ukushaywa okuyingozi kakhulu kuyabonakala emigqeni eqinile. Ngemuva kokulimala okunjalo, umuntu uyalulama izinyanga eziningi futhi akabuyeli empilweni ephelele njalo.
Izinqubo zokuvuvukala kuthenda ye-Achilles.
Abasengozini abantu:
- ngemuva kweminyaka engama-45, lapho ukuqina kwamathenda kuncipha izikhathi ezi-2, uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abasha. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-microtraumas amaningi aphenduka ngokushesha abe ukuvuvukala kwemigqa nezicubu.
- ukukhuluphala ngokweqile;
- abaphethwe yisifo samathambo noma i-arthrosis;
- ngike ngaba nesifo esithathelwanayo, ikakhulukazi, i-scarlet fever;
- ukugqoka izicathulo zokucindezelwa nsuku zonke.
Izicathulo ezinezithende zivundulula unyawo ngokungajwayelekile futhi ziqinisa imisipha, okuholela ekukhaleni nasekuvukeni kwe-Achilles.
Izinkinga zomjikelezo weqakala.
Lokhu kuyabonakala kubantu:
- ukungena kwezemidlalo ezingeni lobungcweti;
- ukuhola indlela yokuphila engasebenzi, ikakhulukazi, phakathi kwezakhamizi ezihleli amahora ayi-8 - 11 ngosuku;
- ukukhubazeka noma ingxenye ngokuhamba okulinganiselwe kwezitho ezingezansi;
- ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezinamandla ezithinta ukujikeleza kwegazi.
Uma kunezinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi ejoyintini leqakala, kukhona ukwephulwa kwe-collagen fiber emigudwini kanye nezinguquko ezingalungiseki ezicubu, okudala ukulimala kuma-Achilles.
Ama-Achilles alimaza izimpawu
Umuntu owake wahlangabezana nokudabuka kwe-Achilles, kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyini imbangela, uba nezimpawu zesici:
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu nobukhali ejoyinini leqakala.
I-pain syndrome iyakhula. Ekuqaleni, umuntu uba nokungaphatheki kahle okuncane emlenzeni ongezansi, kodwa njengoba kufakwa ingcindezi emlenzeni, ubuhlungu buyaqina, ngokuvamile bugeleza bungabekezeleleki.
- Ukuqubuka okungazelelwe emakhinsini.
Ukuqubuka okubukhali kungazwakala ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka okungazelelwe kwemisipha.
- Ukukhukhumeza. Kubantu abangama-65%, ukuvuvukala kwenzeka kusuka onyaweni kuya kulayini wama-kneecaps.
- IHematoma emlenzeni ongezansi.
Ezimweni ezingama-80%, i-hematoma ikhula phambi kwamehlo ethu. Ngokulimala kanzima, kungabonakala kusuka enyaweni kuya emadolweni.
- Ukungakwazi ukuma ngezinzwane noma ukuhamba ngezithende.
- Ubuhlungu endaweni engaphezulu kwesithende.
Ubuhlungu obunjalo buvela kuphela ngesikhathi sokulala, futhi kuphela lapho umuntu elele imilenze ingagobile emadolweni.
Usizo lokuqala lokuphuka kwethenda le-Achilles
Abantu abanomonakalo osolwayo we-Achilles badinga usizo lokuqala ngokushesha.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungahlangabezana:
- Ukulimala kwemizwa ye-sural bese kulandela ukukhubazeka kokuphila.
- Ukutheleleka.
Ingozi yokutheleleka yenzeka ngomonakalo omkhulu nokuhluleka isikhathi eside ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lokuqala.
- Ukufa kwezicubu.
- Ubuhlungu obuhlala njalo esihlangothini seqakala.
- Ukungakwazi ukuhambisa umlenze olimele ngokujwayelekile.
Futhi, ngaphandle kosizo lokuqala, isiguli singalulama isikhathi eside, imisipha yaso ayipholi kahle, futhi odokotela bangavimbela ezemidlalo ngokuzayo.
Uma i-Achilles tendon yonakele, odokotela bancoma ukuthi umuntu ahlinzeke ngosizo lokuqala olulandelayo:
- Siza isiguli ukuthi sithathe indawo evundlile.
Okufanelekile, isiguli kufanele silaliswe embhedeni, kepha uma lokhu kungenzeki, umuntu uvunyelwe ukulala ebhentshini noma emhlabathini ongenalutho.
- Khumula izicathulo namasokisi emlenzeni owonakele, ugoqe ibhulukwe.
- Vimbela unyawo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungafaka ibhandishi eliqinile usebenzisa amabhandeshi ayinyumba.
Uma kungekho owaziyo ukufaka amabhandeshi noma awekho amabhandeshi ayinyumba, kufanele ulawule nje ukuthi isisulu asiwuhambisi umlenze waso.
- Shayela ucingo i-ambulensi.
Kuvunyelwe, uma isisulu sikhala ngobuhlungu obungabekezeleleki, sinikeze iphilisi lokubulala izinzwa. Kodwa-ke, kunconywa ukuthi unikeze umuthi, ngemuva kokubonisana nodokotela. Isibonelo, lapho ushayela i-ambulensi, cacisa ngocingo ukuthi yisiphi isidakamizwa kuleli cala esingayilimazi impilo yakho.
Ngaphambi kokufika kwe-ambulensi, umuntu kufanele alale phansi, angahambisi umlenze olimele, futhi angazami nakancane ukwenza okuthile yedwa, ikakhulukazi, ukusebenzisa amafutha endaweni elimele.
Ukuhlonza ukuqhekeka kwama-Achilles
Ukuqhekeka kwe-Achilles kutholakala odokotela bamathambo nodokotela abahlinzayo ngemuva kochungechunge lwezivivinyo nokuhlolwa
Odokotela besiguli ngasinye abanezimpawu ezithile benza:
Ukubhajwa kweqakala.
Ngokuxilongwa okunjalo, isiguli sinokuhluleka kwezicubu ezithambile endaweni yeqakala. Izwakala kalula ngudokotela onolwazi lapho isiguli silele ngesisu.
Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kufaka phakathi:
- ukuguquguquka kwamadolo. Ezigulini ezinokuphuka kwethenda le-Achilles, umlenze olimele uzogobela ngokubonakalayo ngokuqinile kunaleyo enempilo;
- izilinganiso zengcindezi;
Ingcindezi onyaweni olimele izoba ngaphansi kuka-140 mm Hg. Ingcindezi engezansi kuka-100 mm ithathwa njengebucayi. Hg Ngophawu olunjalo, isiguli sidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo futhi, mhlawumbe, nokuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo.
- ukwethulwa kwenaliti yezokwelapha.
Uma isiguli sinokuqhekeka, ukufakwa kwenaliti yezokwelapha kuthenda kuzoba nzima kakhulu noma kungenzeki.
- I-X-ray yeqakala.
- I-Ultrasound neMRI yamathenda.
Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kuphela okuzokwenza ukuthi kutholakale ukuqhekeka kwethenda le-Achilles ngokuqiniseka okungu-100%.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Achilles Tendon Rupture
Ukuqhekeka kwe-Achilles tendon kwelashwa kuphela ngamathambo ngokuhlangana nabelaphi.
Bakhetha uhlobo lwemithi olulungile, oluncike ku:
- uhlobo lomonakalo;
- isimo se-pain syndrome;
- ubunzima;
- izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokuvuvukala emigudwini nasemathanjeni.
Ngokucabangela zonke izici, odokotela banquma ukwelashwa okulondolozayo noma ukungenelela okuphuthumayo kokuhlinzwa.
Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka lapho isiguli sinokulimala kanzima, ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki, kanye nokwehluleka ngisho nokunyakazisa unyawo.
Ukwelashwa okulondolozayo
Uma kutholakala ukuqhekeka kwethenda le-Achilles, isiguli sidinga ukulungisa ukuhlangana kweqakala.
Lokhu kwenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene:
- Kufakwa usimende.
- Ifakwa emgodini onyaweni oluthintekile.
- I-orthosis ifakiwe.
Ukugqoka i-orthosis kanye nama-splints kunqunyelwe ukuqhuma okuncane. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu nezinzima, odokotela basebenzisa isamente.
Ezimweni ezingama-95%, isiguli siyalelwa ukuthi singasusi ukhonkolo, ubende noma i-orthosis amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli ziyadedelwa:
- amaphilisi ezinhlungu noma imijovo;
Amathebulethi nemijovo kunqunyelwe isifo esibuhlungu esiqhubekayo.
- izidakamizwa zokusheshisa ukubuyiswa kwamathenda;
- izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala.
Inkambo yokwelashwa ibekwa ngudokotela, ngokwesilinganiso, ihlala izinsuku eziyi-7-10.
- izinqubo ze-physiotherapy, isibonelo, i-electrophoresis noma i-parafini compresses;
- inkambo yokuhlikihla.
Ukubhucungwa komzimba kwenziwa ngemuva kwenkambo yokwelashwa nalapho kukhishwa i-pain syndrome. Ezimweni ezingama-95%, isiguli sithunyelwa izikhathi zokuhlikihla eziyi-10, ezenziwa nsuku zonke noma isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini ezi-2.
Odokotela bayaqaphela ukuthi ukwelashwa okulindelekile kuma-25% wamacala akuholeli ekutholeni ngokugcwele noma ekhefu eliphindaphindwayo kuyabonwa.
Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa
Odokotela baphendukela ekuhlinzweni lapho isiguli sine:
- uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-55;
Ekugugeni, ukuhlanganiswa kwezicubu nemisipha kungaphansi izikhathi ezi-2 - 3 kunabantu abasha.
- ama-hematomas amakhulu emalungeni amaqakala;
- odokotela abakwazi ukuvala imisipha ngokuqinile ngisho nosimende;
- amakhefu amaningi futhi ajulile.
Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kusetshenziswa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, futhi lapho ukwelashwa okulondolozayo kunganikeze umphumela omuhle.
Lapho odokotela bethatha isinqumo sokuhlinza, isiguli:
- Ulaliswe esibhedlela.
- Wenzelwa i-ankle ultrasound.
- Kuthathwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo.
Bese kuthi ngosuku oluthile kuhlinzwe umuntu.
Isiguli sinikezwa i-anesthesia yendawo noma yomgogodla, ngemuva kwalokho udokotela ohlinzayo:
- wenza imbobo emlenzeni ongezansi (amasentimitha ayi-7 - 9);
- uhlanganisa umsipha;
- uhlanganisa imicu.
Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, umuntu unesibazi.
Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungenzeka uma zingaphansi kwezinsuku ezingama-20 selokhu kwaqhuma i-Achilles. Endabeni lapho ukulimala bekungaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-20 ezedlule, khona-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthunga imikhawulo yethenda. Odokotela baphendukela ku-Achilloplasty.
Ukuzivocavoca ngaphambi kokugijima ukuvimbela ukuqhuma kwe-Achilles
Noma yikuphi ukuphuka kwe-Achilles kungavinjelwa ngempumelelo ngokwenza izivivinyo ezithile ngaphambi kokuqalisa.
Abaqeqeshi bezemidlalo nodokotela bayelulekwa ukuthi benze:
1. Ukuma ngezikhawu.
Umuntu udinga:
- sukuma uqonde;
- beka izandla zakho okhalweni;
- imizuzwana engama-40, phakama kahle ezinzwaneni bese wehla emuva.
2. Ukugijima endaweni ngejubane elikhulu.
3. Umzimba ugoba.
Kudingekile:
- hlanganisa izinyawo zakho;
- tshekisa kancane i-torso ngaphambili, uzama ukufinyelela kulayini wedolo ngekhanda lakho.
4. Swing phambili - emuva.
Umsubathi udinga:
- beka izandla zakho okhalweni;
- jika kuqala ngomlenze wangakwesokudla phambili - emuva;
- bese ushintsha umlenze ngakwesobunxele, bese wenza umsebenzi ofanayo.
Kufanele wenze ukushwiba okungu-15 - 20 emlenzeni ngamunye.
5. Ukudonsa umlenze, kugobe emadolweni, kuye esifubeni.
Kuyadingeka:
- sukuma uqonde;
- goba umlenze wakho wokunene edolweni;
- donsa umlenze wakho ngezandla zakho esifubeni.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele ukhuphule umlenze wakho wesobunxele ngendlela efanayo.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kuyasiza kakhulu ukwenza ukusikhipha okuzimele kwemisipha yethole.
Ukuqhekeka kwethenda le-Achilles kuphakathi kokulimala okubi kakhulu lapho umuntu adinga khona usizo lokuqala oluphuthumayo nokwelashwa ngokushesha. Endabeni yokulimala okuncane, kanye nalapho isiguli sesineminyaka engama-50 ubudala, odokotela banikeza ukwelashwa okulondolozayo.
Ngezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka. Kodwa-ke, noma ngubani anganciphisa ubungozi bokulimala okunjalo uma eqala ukwenza izivivinyo ezikhethekile ngaphambi kokuqeqeshwa kwezemidlalo futhi angadluli imisipha.
Blitz - amathiphu:
- ngemuva kokukhipha ukhonkolo noma imbenge, kufanele uthathe inkambo yokubhucungwa okukhethekile ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwamathenda;
- kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uma kunezinhlungu ezihlangwini leqakala, kufanele ulale phansi masinyane, ukhubaze umlenze wakho bese ubiza udokotela.
