Yiziphi izinhlobo zemidlalo ezibandakanya ezokusubatha?

I-Athletics ngumdlalo othandwa kakhulu. Iyatholakala kunoma yimuphi umuntu, ayidingi imishini ekhethekile, kwesinye isikhathi asikho isidingo sendawo ekhethekile. Akunandaba iminyaka, ubulili, isimo sempilo. Noma ngubani angakwazi ukugijima.

Ezemidlalo - I-Olimpiki, ifaka phakathi inani elikhulu kakhulu lezifundo (24 - kwabesilisa, 23 kwabesifazane). Kulula ukudideka ngokuhlukahluka okunjalo. Kuzofanele sicacise.

Yini i-Athletics?

Ngokwesiko, ihlukaniswe ngezigaba, ezibandakanya:

• gijima;
• ukuhamba;
• ukugxuma;
• nxazonke;
• ukuphonsa izinhlobo.

Iqembu ngalinye liqukethe imikhakha eminingana.

Gijima

Ummeleli omkhulu walo mdlalo, ezokugijima ziqala ngaye.

Kufaka:

1. Gijima. Amabanga amafushane. I-Sprint. Abasubathi bagijima amamitha ayi-100, 200, 400. Kukhona amabanga angajwayelekile. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa amamitha angama-300, ama-30, ama-60 amamitha (amazinga esikole). Abagijimi abangaphakathi bancintisana ngebanga lokugcina (60m).
2. Isilinganiso. Ubude - amamitha ayi-800, i-1500, i-3000. Kulokhu okulandelayo, inkambo yesithiyo kungenzeka. Lokhu, empeleni, akuqedi uhlu, imincintiswano ibanjelwa emabangeni angajwayelekile: amamitha ayi-600, ikhilomitha (1000), imayela, amamitha ayi-2000.
3. I-Stayersky. Ubude bungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-3000. Amabanga amakhulu ama-Olimpiki angama-5000 no-10000 metres. Imarathon (amakhilomitha angama-42 amamitha ayi-195) nayo ifakiwe kulesi sigaba.
4. Ngezithiyo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ibizwa ngokuthi i-steeple-chaz. Bancintisana ikakhulukazi emabangeni amabili. Ngaphandle - 3000, ngaphakathi (inkundla) - 2000. Ingqikithi yayo ukunqoba ithrekhi, enezithiyo ezi-5. Phakathi kwazo kukhona umgodi ogcwele amanzi.
5. Ukuhlukumeza. Ubude bufushane. Abesifazane bagijima amamitha ayi-100, abesilisa - 110. Kukhona nebanga lamamitha angama-400. Inani lezithiyo ezifakiwe lihlala lilingana. Kukhona njalo i-10 yazo. Kepha ibanga phakathi kwabo lingahluka.
6. Umjaho wokudlulisa. Imincintiswano iyiqembu kuphela (imvamisa abantu abayi-4). Bagijima u-100m no-400m (amabanga ajwayelekile). Kunemijaho yokudidiyela ehlangene nayihlanganisiwe, i.e. kufaka phakathi amabanga obude obuhlukile, kwesinye isikhathi izithiyo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imincintiswano yokudlulisa ibuye ibanjwe kumamitha ayi-1500, 200, 800. Umongo wokudlulisa ulula. Udinga ukuletha induku entanjeni. Umsubathi oseqedile isigaba sakhe udlulisela induku kumlingani wakhe.

Lezi yizona zifundo ezihamba phambili ezifakwe ezinhlelweni zemincintiswano yamazwe omhlaba kanye nama-Olimpiki.

Ukuhamba

Ngokungafani nohambo olujwayelekile lokuhamba, lesi yisinyathelo esikhethekile esisheshisiwe.

Izidingo eziyisisekelo zalo:

• umlenze oqonde njalo;
• ukuxhumana okungaguquguquki (okungenani okungaboni) nomhlabathi.

Ngokwesiko, abagijimi bahamba amakhilomitha ayi-10 no-20 ngaphandle, ama-200 m no-5 km endlini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhamba ngamamitha ayi-50 000 kanye nama-20 000 kufakiwe ohlelweni lwama-Olimpiki.

Ukugxuma

Isimiso silula. Udinga ukweqa ungene kude noma phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Esimweni sokuqala, i-jumper inikezwa umkhakha lapho kutholakala khona umgwaqo nomgodi, ovame ukugcwala isihlabathi.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokugxuma okunjalo:

• ithafa;
• kathathu, okungukuthi, ukweqa okuthathu nokufika.

Zigxumela phezulu zisebenzisa amandla emisipha kuphela, noma (ngaphezu kwalokho) zisebenzisa into ekhethekile, isigxobo. Ukugxuma kwenziwa kokubili kusuka endaweni yokuma nasekugijimeni.

Ukuphonsa

Umsebenzi: ukuphonsa noma ukusunduza into ngangokunokwenzeka.

Lesi siyalo siqukethe izinhlobo ezincane:

1. Ukududulwa kweprojektha. Isetshenziswe njengengqikithi yayo. Yenziwe ngensimbi (insimbi yensimbi, ithusi, njll.). Isisindo sowesilisa - 7, 26 kilogram, abesifazane - 4.
2. Ukuphonsa. IProjectile - idiski, umkhonto, ibhola, amabhomu. Umkhonto:

• Kwabesilisa, isisindo - 0.8 kg, ubude - kusuka ku-2.8 m kuye ku-2.7;
• Kwabesifazane, isisindo - 0.6 kg, ubude - 0.6 m.

Idiski. Yiphonse kusuka emkhakheni onobubanzi bamamitha angu-2.6.

Isando. Isisindo se-projectile - amagremu angama-7260 (owesilisa), ama-4 kg - abesifazane. Yenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo nengqikithi. Umkhakha ngesikhathi somncintiswano ubiyelwe ngensimbi (ukuphepha izibukeli). Ukuphosa ibhola noma amabhomu akufakiwe ohlelweni lwemincintiswano yama-Olimpiki neyamazwe omhlaba.

Zonke-nxazonke

Kufaka phakathi ukweqa, ukugijima, ukuphonsa. Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezine zemincintiswano enjalo ziyaqashelwa:

1. I-Decathlon. Abesilisa kuphela ababamba iqhaza. Ibanjwe ehlobo. Bancintisana ekugijimeni kwe-sprint (100m), i-jump ende nephakeme, i-pole vault, i-shot put, i-discus ne-javelin putt, i-1.5 km ne-400 m run.
2. I-heptathlon yabesifazane. Iphinde ibanjwe ehlobo. Kufaka: izithiyo eziyi-100m. ukweqa okude nokuphakeme, kugijima kumamitha angama-800 nama-200. ujusi ujikijela nesibhamu.
3. I-heptathlon yesilisa. Ibanjwe ebusika. Bancintisana ngamamitha angama-60 (alula) nezithiyo, kanye namamitha ayi-1000, ukugxuma okuphezulu (okulula) nezindawo zokugwedla, ukugxuma okude, ukudubula.
4. I-pentathlon yabesifazane. Ibanjwe ebusika. Kufaka phakathi: izithiyo ezingama-60 m, ama-800 okulula, amade futhi aphakeme, ukudubula.

Abasubathi bancintisana ngezigaba ezimbili ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Imithetho Yezokusubatha

Uhlobo ngalunye lwezokusubatha lunemithetho yalo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okujwayelekile okufanele ukuthi umhlanganyeli ngamunye abambelele kukho, futhi okokuqala kwabahleli bomncintiswano.

Ngezansi kuphela okuyinhloko:

1. Uma ukugijima kukufushane, ithrekhi kufanele iqonde. Indlela eyindilinga ivunyelwe emabangeni amade.
2. Emabangeni amafushane, umgijimi ugijima kuphela kuthrekhi abelwe yona (kufika ku-400m). Bangaphezu kuka-600 angakwazi vele ukuya ejwayelekile.
3. Ebangeni elifinyelela kumamitha angama-200, inani labahlanganyeli bomjaho lilinganiselwe (hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-8).
4. Lapho ujika ekhoneni, ukushintshela kulayini oseduze akuvunyelwe.

Emjahweni webanga elifushane (kufika ku-400m), abasubathi banikezwa imiyalo emithathu:

• "Ukulungele ukuqala" - ukulungiselela umgijimi;
• "Ukunakwa" - ukulungiselela udwi;
• "Mashi" - ukuqala kwenhlangano.

Inkundla yezemidlalo

Ungaya kwezemidlalo, empeleni, yonke indawo. Azikho izakhiwo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo kulokhu. Isibonelo, eminye imikhakha yokugijima mihle ezindaweni ezimbi (isiphambano) noma ezindleleni ezigandayiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe noma iyiphi inkundla ifakwe umkhakha wezokusubatha ngaphezu kwenkundla yebhola ejwayelekile.

Kepha kwakhiwa izindawo ezikhethekile nezinkundla zezemidlalo. Zingaba zombili zivuleke futhi zivaliwe, okungukuthi, zinezindonga nophahla oluvikela emakhazeni nasemvuleni. Indawo yokugijima, ukweqa nokuphonsa kumele inikezwe futhi ifakwe.

Athletics Championships

Hlobo luni lwemicimbi yezokusubatha engabanjelwa. Konke futhi ungabali.

Kepha imincintiswano ebaluleke kakhulu yezokusubatha imi kanje:

• Imidlalo yama-Olimpiki (njalo eminyakeni eyi-4);
• I-World Championship (okokuqala ngo-1983, njalo eminyakeni emibili engajwayelekile);
• I-European Championship (njalo eminyakeni emibili kusukela ngo-1934);
• I-World Indoor Championship njalo eminyakeni eyi-2 (noma).

Mhlawumbe umdlalo omdala kunayo yonke futhi ngasikhathi sinye ongumsubathi. Ukuthandwa kwalo akukaze kunyamalale eminyakeni edlule.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, inani lalabo ababandakanyeka kulo likhula njalo ngonyaka. Isizathu yilokhu okulandelayo: awudingi imishini ekhethekile, izakhiwo nokunye okunjalo kwamakilasi, futhi izinzuzo zamakilasi azingabazeki.

Bukela ividiyo: kanti uthando lunje 2013 short story (Novemba 2024).