Emincintiswaneni, kunemincintiswano ehlukile ekusebenzeni kwebanga elide. Ukuthi lawa mabanga ayini, izici zawo, nokuthi abasubathi ababanqobayo babizwa kanjani, kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.
Ubizwa kanjani umgijimi webanga elide?
Umsubathi webanga elide ubizwa nge- "stayer".
I-Etymology yegama elithi "stayer"
Igama elithi "stayer" ngokwalo lihunyushwe lisuselwa esiNgisini ngokuthi "hardy". Ngokuvamile, abagijimi abagcini nje ekugijimeni.
Uyaphumelela nakweminye imidlalo, isibonelo:
- ngebhayisikili,
- ukushushuluza ngesivinini nabanye.
Amabanga okuhlala amabanga asuka kumamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu nangaphezulu.
Abasubathi abasemikhakheni ethile yokugijima bangaqondiswa nangemigomo emincane, isibonelo: umgijimi we-marathon uhhafu, umgijimi wemarathon noma umgijimi we-ultramarathon.
Njengoba umgijimi engabamba iqhaza emijahweni yobude obuhlukile noma ancintisane emidlalweni engagijimi, abaningi futhi baqonda ngaphansi kwegama elithi “stayer”, okokuqala, esinye sezici zabasubathi.
Amabanga okuhlala
Incazelo yamabanga amade
Njengoba sekushiwo, amabanga amade, athi "siter" abizwa ngokwesiko lawo mabanga aqala ngamamayela amabili (noma amamitha angama-3218). Kwesinye isikhathi kubhekiswa ibanga lamakhilomitha amathathu lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kufaka nokugijima kwehora lonke okwenzeka ezinkundleni zemidlalo.
Khonamanjalo, ngokusho kweminye imibiko, umqondo wokuthi "ukugijima ibanga elide" noma "stayer run" ngokwesiko awubandakanyi uhhafu wama-marathoni, ama-marathoni, okungukuthi, imincintiswano lapho amabanga, yize emade, ebanjelwa hhayi enkundleni yezemidlalo, kodwa emgwaqeni omkhulu.
Amabanga
Njengoba kushiwo, ukugijima ibanga elide uchungechunge lwemikhakha yokugijima nokugijima eyenzeka enkundleni yezemidlalo.
Ikakhulu, lokhu kufaka:
- Amamayela amabili (amamitha angama-3218)
- Amakhilomitha ama-5 (amamitha ayi-5000)
- Amakhilomitha ayi-10 (10,000 m)
- Amakhilomitha ayi-15 (amamitha ayi-15,000 enkundleni yezemidlalo),
- Amakhilomitha angama-20 (amamitha ayi-20,000),
- Amakhilomitha angama-25 (25,000 metres),
- Amakhilomitha angama-30 (30,000 metres),
- ihora ligijima enkundleni.
I-classic futhi ehlonishwa kakhulu phakathi kwabo yilezi:
- ibanga lamamitha ayi-5 000,
- ibanga lamamitha ayi-10,000.
Bayingxenye yohlelo lweWorld Championship in Athletics kanye neMidlalo yamaOlimpiki futhi ibanjwa ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Kwesinye isikhathi abagijimi bamamitha ayi-5 000 kufanele bancintisane ngaphansi kophahla.
Umphumela wokugijima ihora lonke unqunywa ibanga umgijimi agijime kulo mzila wenkundla ihora elilodwa.
Izinhlanga zebanga ziqhutshwa kumbuthano kusetshenziswa ukuqala okuphezulu. Kulokhu, abagijimi bagijima ngomkhondo ofanayo.
Emathangeni okugcina ngaphambi komugqa wokuqeda, umgijimi ngamunye uzwa insimbi evela ejajini: lokhu kusiza ukungalahlekelwa ukubala.
Okuhlukile ukugijima kwehora. Bonke abancintisana nabo baqala ngasikhathi sinye, nangemva kwehora elilodwa isignali yokumisa imisindo. Ngemuva kwalokho, amajaji amaka emzileni wokuthi umhlanganyeli umi kuphi. Lokhu kunqunywa umlenze ongemuva. Ngenxa yalokho, lowo ogijime ibanga elide ngehora uba onqobayo.
Kumele kushiwo ukuthi izinhlanga zebanga azivamisile ukusetshenziswa emincintiswaneni yezohwebo: zihlala isikhathi eside futhi, njengomthetho, azijabulisi kakhulu, ngaphandle komugqa wokugcina.
Amarekhodi
Ibanga elingamamitha ayi-5 000
Phakathi kwabesilisa, irekhodi lomhlaba laleli banga, kanye nerekhodi lomhlaba lerekhodi langaphakathi nele-Olympic, kungokomuntu ofanayo: umgijimi wase-Ethiopia UKenenis Bekele.
Ngakho-ke, wabeka irekhodi lomhlaba ngoMeyi 31, 2004 eHengelo (eNetherlands), ehlanganisa ibanga ngo-12: 37.35.
I-World (Indoor) yahlelwa ngumsubathi wase-Ethiopia ngomhlaka 20 Febhuwari 2004 e-UK. Umgijimi uhlanganise amamitha ayi-5000 ngo-12: 49.60.
Irekhodi le-Olimpiki (12: 57.82) uKenenis Bekele wamiswa ngo-Agasti 23, 2008 kuma-Olympic Games eBeijing.
UmTopiya uphethe irekhodi lomhlaba labesifazane abangu-5 000 (14: 11.15)e UTirunesh Dibaba... Uyihlele ngoJuni 6, 2008 e-Oslo, eNorway.
Umlando womhlaba wasendlini waqokwa ngumuntu wakubo uGeneze Dibaba ngoFebhuwari 19, 2015 eStockholm, eSweden.
Kodwa uGabriela Sabo waseRomania waba ngumpetha wama-Olimpiki ebangeni lamamitha ayi-5000. NgoSepthemba 25, 2000, kuma-Olimpiki aseSydney (Australia), wahlanganisa leli banga ngo-14: 40.79.
Ukuhamba ngamamitha ayi-10,000
Irekhodi lomhlaba labesilisa kuleli banga ngelomgijimi wase-Ethiopia uKenenis Bekele. Ngo-Agasti 26, 2005 eBrussels (eBelgium) wagijima amamitha ayi-10 000 ngo-26.17.53
Futhi phakathi kwabesifazane leli banga limbozwe ngumTopiya u-Almaz Ayana ngo-29.17.45. Kwenzeka ngo-Agasti 12, 2016 kuma-Olympic Games eRio de Janeiro (eBrazil)
Amakhilomitha ayi-10 (umgwaqo omkhulu)
Phakathi kwabesilisa, irekhodi lamakhilomitha ayi-10 emgwaqeni omkhulu lingelakhe ULeonard Komon waseKenya. Ugijime leli banga ngo-26.44. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoSepthemba 29, 2010 eNetherlands.
Kwabesifazane, irekhodi lingeleBrithani Inkambu yeRadcliffe... Ugijime amakhilomitha ayishumi emgwaqeni omkhulu ngo-30.21. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoFebhuwari 23, 2003 eSan Juan (ePuerto Rico).
Ukugijima kwehora
Irekhodi lomhlaba ngokugijima ngehora ngamamitha angu-21 285. Yabekwa ngumsubathi odumile Haile Gebreselassie. Phakathi kwamaRussia, irekhodi lingelika- U-Albert Ivanov, okwathi ngo-1995 kwagijima amamitha ayi-19,595 ngehora.
Amaqiniso anentshisekelo ngokuhlala amabanga nabahlali
Okwamanje, irekhodi lomhlaba ngokugijima ngehora ngamamitha angama-21 285. Leli lingaphezulu nje kwebanga lemarathon (kungamamitha angama-21,097). Kuvele ukuthi ophethe irekhodi lomhlaba ehoreni eligijimayo, u-Haile Gebreselassie, uqede umjaho wesigamu wemarathon ngemizuzu engama-59 ngemizuzwana engama-28.
Ngasikhathi sinye, irekhodi lomhlaba kuhafu womjaho, ongowaseKenya uSamuel Wanjir, licishe libe ngaphansi komzuzu: yimizuzu engama-58 imizuzwana engama-33.
Amanye amahlaya: Abomdabu baseKenya bavame ukuwina ekugijimeni amabanga amade, ngoba leli lizwe linophawu lomgwaqo "qaphela amabhubesi".
Eqinisweni, ukubusa kwabamele leli lizwe ekugijimeni amabanga amade kuchazwa yilokhu okulandelayo:
- ukusebenzisa isikhathi eside,
- Izici zenhliziyo: AmaKenya ahlala ngamamitha ayi-10 000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Ukuqina kubalulekile ekunqobeni ukugijima ibanga elide. Ikhiqizwa ngokuqeqeshwa isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, umgijimi angagijima afike kumakhilomitha angamakhulu amabili ngesonto ukulungiselela umncintiswano.
