Odokotela bezemidlalo nososayensi bayaqiniseka ukuthi ikhono lomzimba womuntu lokukhuphula isivinini ekugcineni lifinyelele umkhawulo walo, futhi amarekhodi amasha kungenzeka kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu, nokho, abavumelana nalesi siphetho. Ngubani oqinisile? Futhi hlobo luni lwejubane eligijimayo umuntu alidingayo?
Izici ezithinta ukusebenza kwejubane kwabantu
Ijubane lokugijima liyinto ebalulekile ekuqeqesheni nasekusebenziseni umsebenzi wokuncintisana womsubathi. Kepha nasempilweni yansuku zonke, ithuba lokusebenzisa izimfanelo zakho zejubane akuyona into engadingekile.
Ukusebenza kwejubane komuntu kuncike kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- izinga lokulungela;
- hamba ubude;
- ijubane;
- ibanga.
Ukusebenza okuphezulu kujwayelekile emabangeni we-sprint. Emabangeni amade naphakathi, aphansi kakhulu, futhi okugcizelelwa kakhulu ekusatshalalisweni komthwalo. Ukugijima kwezempilo okungenakho ukujaha kuletha inzuzo enkulu emzimbeni.
Ijubane lokugijima komuntu
Isilinganiso
Ijubane elijwayelekile lomuntu omdala ngu-16-24 km / h. Kepha umehluko ekusebenzeni phakathi komuntu ozivocavoca umzimba njalo nomsubathi oqeqeshwe kakhulu uzohluka emabangeni ahlukene, ngokwesibonelo:
- 36-39 km / h - 60-400 m;
- 18-23 km / h - 800-3000 m;
- 12-23 km / h - 5000-30000 m.
Ngakho-ke, kungumphumela okumele utholakale obusayo.
Ubukhulu
Izinkomba zejubane ezinkulu - 36-44 km / h umuntu uthuthuka ebangeni elifushane. Ukukufeza lokhu, ukuxhumana kaningi konyawo nokusekelwa kuyadingeka lapho isigaba sendiza sifinyezwa, ukuthambekela okulungile kwesiqu nokuhlanganisa ukunyakaza.
Kunezici ezinquma umkhawulo webhayoloji wejubane eliphezulu:
- amandla omthelela wonyawo ebusweni;
- isikhathi sokuxhumana nonyawo nomhlabathi;
- ijubane lokusikwa kwemicu yemisipha;
- ukushoda komoya-mpilo.
Ukuthi inkontileka yemicu yemisipha ishesha kanjani inquma isilinganiso lapho amandla acindezelayo esetshenziswa khona kumshini wokunyathelisa.
Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi ngokuncipha okuphezulu kwemicu yemisipha, umuntu uzokwazi ukufinyelela kuma-65 km / h. Kodwa-ke, ukufeza inkomba enjalo kuzofaka ukungabi namandla komoya-mpilo kanye nomsebenzi oqinile womzimba.
Qopha
Kusukela kulungiswa ijubane eliphezulu ngo-1912 kuma-Olimpiki aseStockholm (uDonald Lippincot - imizuzwana engu-10.6), selikhule ngemizuzwana engu-1.02 kuphela. Irekhodi okwamanje elomgijimi waseJamican u-Usain Bolt - 44.72 km / h.
Le nkomba yatholwa ngonyaka we-2009 eMqhudelwaneni Womhlaba eBerlin emjahweni we-100 m, owawuhlanganisa ngo-9.58 s. U-Usain Bolt uphinde abe ngumnikazi werekhodi ku-200m - 19.19 sec. (2009) Futhi kude no-400 m, ophethe irekhodi ngu-Weide van Niekerk - 43.03 sec. (2016)
Izinkomba zejubane emabangeni athile
Ekuqeqeshweni, abagijimi bavame ukukhombisa kuphela ama-70% wamakhono abo wejubane eliphezulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukusebenza komsubathi osezingeni elifanele kungokulandelayo:
- 30 km / h - 60-400 m;
- 20 km / h - 800-3000 m;
- 16 km / h - 5000-30000 m.
Ijubane lomgijimi liqala kanjani?
Ukugijima kwe-Sprint kushesha kakhulu futhi kunzima kunazo zonke izinhlobo zokugijima. Umzimba womuntu usebenza emkhawulweni wamandla awo nangokuntuleka komoya-mpilo. I-sprinter kufanele ibe nokuxhumana okuhle kakhulu kokunyakaza, ukukhuthazela okuphezulu kanye nenqubo ephelele yokusebenza.
Irekhodi lokuqala laqoshwa ngo-1912, kanti izigaba ezinkulu zimi kanje:
- 10.6 sec. - umgijimi waseMelika uDonald Lippincot kuma-Olimpiki ka-1912 eStockholm;
- 9.95 isekhondi - Umsubathi waseMelika uJim Hines ngo-1968 kuma-Olimpiki eMexico City wagijima ngamamitha ayi-100 ngemizuzwana engaphansi kwengu-10;
- 9.58 isekhondi - irekhodi lesimanje lamamitha ayi-100 lisethwe ngo-2009 ngumsubathi waseJamaica Usain Bolt.
Izinkomba zejubane emabangeni aphakathi nade
Ukugijima emabangeni aphakathi nendawo - 800-3000 m - ngokungafani nesikhathi eside, esisheshayo nesifushane. Kuleli fomu, into esemqoka ukukhetha ijubane elilungile, usebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene wokugijima esigabeni ngasinye sebanga, ngenkathi ugcina amandla we-spurt yokuqedela.
Emabangeni amade - 5000-30000 m nasemjahweni webanga lamabanga amakhulu impumelelo enkulu isikhuthazo. Kuyadingeka ukusabalalisa amandla ngokulinganayo ebangeni, kucatshangelwa indawo yokugcina yamabutho okuqeda.
Ijubane lokuhamba komgijimi onolwazi noliqalayo lizohluka:
- 20 km / h - ebangeni eliphakathi nendawo;
- 16-17 km / h - yomsubathi oqeqeshiwe emabangeni amade.
Amandla anconyiwe womsebenzi wokugijima
Ukugijima kwezempilo kuyindlela elula, engabizi kakhulu futhi enkulu. Indlela eya kulolu hlobo lomsebenzi womzimba kufanele iqale ngokuhamba okulula. Uma isimo sakho somzimba sikuvumela, qala ukugijima, okudlula kancane ukuhamba okusebenzayo.
Ngenkathi uhamba, ungaya esinyathelweni ngenkathi ubuyisa ukuphefumula. Ijubane alibalulekile lapha, into esemqoka ukuthi uzizwa unethezekile ngaphakathi. Ukugijima okunwebeka ngamandla kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukurekhoda ngezikhathi ezithile ingcindezi nokushaya kwenhliziyo usebenzisa amadivayisi.
Ngakho-ke, ijubane elihle lokugijima yile:
- 6-9 km / h - lapho ugijima;
- kuze kufike ku-12 km / h - nge-run elastic.
Ukugijima kuyintokozo futhi kuwumkhuba onempilo kakhulu okukunikeza isimo esihle namandla. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, amakholori angeziwe ashile, yonke imisipha iyasebenza, igcina umzimba usesimweni esihle. Umuntu ogijimayo uyathakazelisa, ubukeka elungile futhi uthandeka kwabobulili obuhlukile.
Ngale ndlela:
- ekusebenzeni kwe-sprint, into esemqoka isivinini esiphezulu, inqubo ephelele nokukhuthazela;
- ukugijima emabangeni amaphakathi nade kudinga ukuqina komzimba nokubekezela kwejubane;
- ekugijimeni, ukwenza njalo kubalulekile. Qala ukugijima, ubheke ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho nomfutho wegazi, futhi uma izinkomba zivamile, iya ekugijimeni okunwebeka.
Noma ngabe yiluphi uhlobo lokugijima osebenza kulo, ungasheshi ukusetha amarekhodi ngokushesha. Hlola impilo yakho, amandla akho omzimba. Futhi gijimela empilweni yakho!
