Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphaphu - izimpawu zokwelashwa nokuvuselelwa

Ukulimala kwezemidlalo

2K 0 04/01/2019 (kugcine ukubuyekezwa: 04/01/2019)

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphaphu kungukulimazeka kwezicubu zamaphaphu ezenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lomenzeli ohlukumezayo: ukushaqeka okunamandla noma ukucindezelwa kwesifuba. Kulokhu, ubuqotho be-visceral pleura abuphulwa.

Izizathu

Imbangela enkulu yamaphaphu alimele umthelela ohlukumezayo esifubeni ngenxa yokushaywa okukhulu ngento ebuthuntu noma ukuqhuma kwegagasi. I-Pathology yenzeka endaweni yomthelela kanye nomthelela ophikisayo.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukulimala okunjalo kungumphumela wengozi. Engozini yemoto, abashayeli bashaye uhla lokuqondisa ngezifuba zabo balimala. Ukushaywa kwamaphaphu nokuchobozwa kwezicubu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuminyaniswa kwesifuba ngezinto ezisindayo nokuwa egqumeni kuye emuva noma esiswini.

Ubunzima

Amandla womthelela womshini nosayizi wobuso be-ejenti ehlukumezayo kuthinta ngqo uhlobo lomonakalo emaphashini. Ngokuya ngendawo yendawo ethintekile, i-pathology inkulu noma yenziwe yasendaweni. Indawo nobubanzi bendawo yokudideka kubalulekile ekuhloleni isithombe somtholampilo nokwenza isibikezelo.

Ukuxakaniseka okukhulu kwamaphaphu kungaholela ekufeni komuntu olimele endaweni yesimo esiphuthumayo.

Ngokuya ngobunzima benqubo ye-pathological, lawa madigri alandelayo ahlukile:

1. Esilula. Ukulimala kwamaphaphu kunqunyelwe kwizicubu ezingaphezulu. Ihlala kungabi ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili zamaphaphu. Akukho ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula.
2. Isilinganiso. Ukulimala kuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningana zezicubu zamaphaphu. Kunezindawo ezahlukahlukene zokuchotshozwa kwe-parenchyma, ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi. Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula kuphakathi nendawo. Igazi ligcwele umoya-mpilo ngamaphesenti angama-90 noma ngaphezulu.
3. Kuyasinda. Indawo ebanzi yokulimala kwezicubu ze-alveolar. Ukuchoboza nokulimaza izakhiwo zezimpande. Okuncishisiwe kokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo egazini eliseceleni.

© SOPONE - stock.adobe.com

Izimpawu

Iphaphu elilimele kunzima ukuliqaphela emahoreni okuqala ngemuva kokulimala. Ngenxa yalokhu, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bavame ukwenza iphutha ekuhloleni isifo, behlola isithombe somtholampilo njengomphumela wokubulawa kwesifuba noma izimbambo eziqhekekile. Lokhu kuba yisizathu sokwelashwa okungalungile.

Izimpawu zomtholampilo zokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu:

• Khulisa ezinkingeni zokuphefumula (ukuphefumula okuncane).
• Ukuvuvukala ne-hematoma esizeni sendawo yomthelela.
• Ukuba khona kwe-wheezing emanzi.
• ICyanosis.
• Ukwanda kwenani lokushaya kwenhliziyo ekuphumuleni.
• I-Hemoptysis. Lesi sibonakaliso sizibonakalisa enkambweni ebucayi noma elinganiselayo yenqubo yokugula (kwenzeka phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ngemuva kokulimala).
• Nciphisa umfutho wegazi.
• Ukuphefumula okungajwayelekile, imizwa ebuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuphefumula okujulile.

Ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwegazi kuzicubu ezithambile, ukwanda kwevolumu yesifuba kwenzeka. Ngezinga elibi le-pathology, ukumiswa okuphelele kokuphefumula kwenzeka. Kulokhu, ukuvuselelwa ngokushesha kuyadingeka.

Ukuxilongwa

Isisulu kufanele ngokuqinisekile sihlolwe ngudokotela ohlukumezeka kwenhliziyo noma udokotela ohlinzayo wesifuba. Udokotela ucacisa izimo zokulimala futhi uqhuba ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwesiguli. Izindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:

• Ucwaningo lomzimba. Ngosizo lwe-palpation, udokotela unquma ukwanda kobuhlungu lapho ecindezela emuva noma esifundeni se-thoracic endaweni yesilonda. Ngokulimala okuthile, kungenzeka ukuzwa ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kokwephuka kwezimbambo. Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu kukuvumela ukuthi uzwe imigwaqo emanzi endaweni eyonakele.
• Ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri. Ukuze ukhiphe ukopha kwangaphakathi, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi lomtholampilo. Kuhlolwa isikhwehlela ukuthola amaseli abomvu egazi akhombisa ukulimala kwamaphaphu. Izinga le-hypoxemia linqunywa ngokuhlola ukwakheka kwegesi egazini. Izinga lokugcwaliswa komoya-mpilo likhonjiswa yi-pulse oximetry.
• Ucwaningo lwe-Beam. Imisebe ye-X-ray ikuvumela ukuthi ubone izindawo zokungena kwezicubu zamaphaphu endaweni yokulimala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokulimala. Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kuyalulekwa uma kusolwa izimbambo, i-pneumo- ne-hemothorax. I-CT inconyelwa izifo ezimbi kakhulu. Ngosizo lwayo, kutholakala ukuqhuma kwamaphaphu, i-pneumocele ne-atelectasis.
• I-Bronchoscopy. Isetshenziselwa izinkomba ezicacile. Ngosizo lwayo, kunqunywa umthombo wokopha ngesikhathi se-hemoptysis. Kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-endoscopic, amashubhu we-bronchial ahlanjululwa.

© Artemida-psy - stock.adobe.com. I-Bronchoscopy

Insiza yezimo eziphuthumayo

Izimpawu zamaphaphu ezilimele zivele isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokulimala. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukunikeza usizo ngesikhathi esifanele akunakwenzeka. Ukuxakaniseka kwezenzo eziphuthumayo zamaphaphu alimele kucishe kufane nosizo lokuqala lokunye ukulimala:

• Ukucindezela okubandayo (15 amaminithi). Isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuqeda izinhlungu. Umkhuhlane unamandla emithanjeni yegazi futhi uvimbela ama-hematomas.
• Ukungasebenzi. Isisulu kumele sinikezwe ukuphumula okuphelele. Noma yikuphi ukunyakaza kufanele kugwenywe.
• Imithi. Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa noma yikuphi ukudambisa izinhlungu noma ama-anti-inflammatories. Zingaholela ekuxilongweni okungafanele.

Ukwelashwa

Uma kusolwa ukuthi iphaphu lomuntu lilinyaziwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi alaliswe esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa emnyangweni wokuhlinzwa noma wokuhlukumezeka. Ukwelashwa okulondolozayo kwezifo kuhlanganisa:

• Ukubulawa izinzwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala.
• Ukukhululwa kwe-DN enamandla. Ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen, ukwelashwa kokumpontshelwa kanye namahormoni e-corticosteroid kuyasetshenziswa. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, isiguli sidluliselwa ekungeneni komoya okufakelwayo.
• Ukuvimbela i-pneumonia. Uma kwenzeka i-pathologies yomsebenzi wamanzi wepheshana lokuphefumula, imigwaqo yomoya ihlanjululwa. Kunconywa ukuthi unikeze ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic.

Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kusetshenziselwa amaqembu amakhulu we-bronchial noma ukulimala kwemithambo.

Ngesikhathi sokululama, ukunikezwa kokuvivinya umzimba, ukusikhipha umzimba kanye ne-physiotherapy kunqunyiwe.

Izinkinga

I-Hematoma yesifunda se-thoracic ingumphumela ongenabungozi kakhulu wamaphaphu alimele. Izinkinga ezinkulu zibandakanya: ukwehluleka ukuphefumula, inyumoniya, i-pneumotrax, ukopha, i-hemothorax, nokulahleka kwegazi.

© designua - stock.adobe.com. Pneumothorax

Isibikezelo nokuvinjelwa

Isiguli esinokuxubana kwamaphaphu endaweni ethile siyalulama ngaphandle kwezinkinga kungakapheli amasonto amabili. Ukulimala okulingene kunokubikezela okuhle okuhle. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemiphumela emibi kungenzeka ngokungabikho kokwelashwa okwanele, ezigulini esezikhulile nasebukhoneni bezifo ezihambisanayo. Imihuzuko ejulile, ukuqaqanjelwa nokuchobozwa kwezicubu zamaphaphu kungaholela ekufeni kwesisulu.

Ukuhambisana nezinyathelo zokuphepha komuntu siqu kukuvumela ukuthi ugweme ukuvela kokulimala. Ukuvimbela izinkinga zokuqala nokufika sekwephuzile ukuhlinzeka usizo lwezempilo olufike ngesikhathi.