I-Niacin (Vitamin B3) - Konke Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngayo

I-Nicotinic acid, i-PP noma i-niacin i-vitamin B3 eza ngezinhlobo ezimbili: imvelaphi yezilwane nezitshalo. Uma sikhuluma ngomthombo wezilwane, khona-ke sine-nicotinamide, uma sikhuluma ngezitshalo - i-nicotinic acid. I-B3 ihlanganiswa ngumzimba womuntu uqobo kusuka ku-amino acid tryptophan ebalulekile ngamanani amancane.

I-Niacin ibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni. Ibamba iqhaza ku-lipid metabolism, ukulawulwa kwe-hormonal komzimba, izinqubo ze-redox, ukulungisa amazinga kashukela ne-cholesterol. Akukho okufana ne-B3. Ngokumangazayo, noma ikuphi ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga egazi kuyabonakala ngokushesha futhi kudinga ukulinganiswa.

I-Physiology

Ngaphandle kokuthi i-niacin ibandakanyeka ezinkambisweni eziningi zokuphila ezibalulekile, kubaluleke kakhulu njengesikhuthazi se-oxidation nokwehlisa umzimba. Iyakwazi ukushisa ngempumelelo amafutha futhi ivuselele ukukhula kwezicubu nokuvuselelwa. Lokhu ngokuzenzakalela kwenza kube umdlali omkhulu emandleni nase-cholesterol metabolism.

Inani layo eliphelele liyisiqinisekiso sokulwa nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, isifo sikashukela, i-thrombosis.

I-B3 ilinganisa amaseli ezinzwa ukuvimbela i-migraines. Iphinde ithuthukise ukusebenza kwetyhubhu yokugaya ukudla. I-Nicotinamide ne-nicotinic acid ziyabandakanyeka ekuphefumuleni kwezicubu kanye nasekuhlanganisweni kwe-hemoglobin.

Amazinga ama-hormonal womuntu nawo ancike ku-niacin. Ngaphandle kwayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, cortisone, progesterone akunakwenzeka. Ngamanye amagama, i-niacin isekela ukusebenza kwazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi nezicubu ngokulawula i-amino acid metabolism. Kwezokwelapha okusebenzayo, ngaphandle kwayo, ukwelashwa kwe-polyarthritis nesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo asicatshangiwe.

Uma ubhala kafushane yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-asidi, uthola uhlu oluhle kakhulu. I-PP:

• ukulinganisa ukuphefumula kwamaselula;
• isusa i-cholesterol "embi";
• ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ezokonga amandla;
• kuthuthukisa ukwenziwa kwamaprotheni ezitshalo;
• kuvula imithambo yegazi;
• kuguqula izinwele, izinzipho, isikhumba, kuthuthukise ukondleka kwabo kanye nokutholakala kwe-oxygen;
• yenza kusebenze umsebenzi obukwayo;
• kukhipha umzimba emzimbeni emzimbeni;
• kunciphisa ukungezwani komzimba;
• kuvimbela ukonakala kwamaseli ajwayelekile abe ngumdlavuza.

Lezi zakhiwo ze-niacin ziyivumela ukuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi kwezokwelapha nakwezemidlalo.

I-Niacin nabagijimi

Kwezemidlalo, amandla anjalo e-niacin asetshenziswa njengekhono lokukhulisa ama-capillaries obuchopho, anciphise igazi, avimbele amahlule egazi, anciphise ukuvuvukala, ukudla, futhi kuthinte inkumbulo nokuxhumanisa ukunyakaza. Ngamanye amagama, kukwezemidlalo lapho isimo sezinqubo zokunciphisa i-oxidation yomzimba, isisekelo sayo samakhemikhali sempilo ejwayelekile, esibalulekile.

Ukwandisa ukuhlushwa kwe-vitamin B3 kuthuthukisa kokubili i-oxidation nokubuyiselwa. Isebenza njengesikhuthazi ukusheshisa lezi zinqubo.

Ngokwenza lokhu, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukugaywa kwemikhiqizo engena emzimbeni kuyathuthukiswa, okungukuthi, amaprotheni, amafutha, ne-carbohydrate amuncwa ngokushesha okukhulu - izinto zokwakha amaseli, izicubu, izitho. Angena egazini lisuka emathunjini ngesilinganiso esikhuphukile futhi athwalwa emzimbeni wonke.

Ngaphansi kwethonya le-niacin, ukondla kwezicubu kuyathuthukiswa ngazo zonke izindlela: ukugeleza kwegazi kuyasheshiswa, i-oxygen eningi inikezwa amaseli, izinqubo ze-metabolic ziyavuselelwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenza kahle kwemisipha kuyathuthuka, ukukhuthazela nokusebenza kwezemidlalo kuyanda.

Ukusabela komzimba kuba ngokushesha okukhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ekwakheni umzimba, ukupompa nakho kuyathuthukiswa - umuzwa ozithobayo wokunwetshwa kwemisipha, ngenxa yokugeleza okuphezulu kwegazi kuye. Imisipha ikhula ngevolumu, ithola ithuba lokudweba ngama-venous. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngokwemvelo.

Ukudweba imithambo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuhlushwa okuphansi kwe-lipids emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke i-B3 isusa amafutha. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba kuyisici esiyinhloko ku-lipid metabolism, ngokwemvelo isusa i-cholesterol "embi", okungukuthi, ikhulula umzimba emithonjeni yamafutha engadingekile.

Kepha i-nicotinamide noma i-PP inenkinga eyodwa. Ithinta kabi imisipha yenhliziyo ekudluleni ngokweqile. Ngaphezu kwe-100 mg ye-niacin kuyitaboo. Uma ukhohlwa ngalokhu, izinga lokugcwala kwamafutha lizokwehla kakhulu, futhi ngalo isivumelwano se-myocardium sizokwehla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehluleka kwe-metabolism yomzimba kuzoholela ekubekweni kwe-cholesterol "embi" ngendlela yamapulangwe e-atherosclerotic ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, okuzoshintsha ukungena kwawo nokuqina kwawo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlushwa kwama-lipoprotein egazini kuzoqala ukwanda, kusongele umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokukhula kwe-thrombosis.

Itafula lokudla lansuku zonke

I-Niacin, njenganoma iyiphi enye i-vithamini, inokudla kwayo kwansuku zonke, okuya ngenani lama-calories atholakala ekudleni. I-1000 Kcal - cishe i-6.6 mg PP.

Ukuntuleka kwe-niacin kuholela kulezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• isikhumba esomile, esintekenteke;
• i-dyspepsia, ukuqunjelwa;
• i-aphthae emgodini womlomo;
• ukuntula ukudla;
• ubuthakathaka, ukuzwa ukukhathala okungapheli, ukugula, ubuthakathaka;
• uvalo, ukucasuka;
• ukulangazelela ukudla okunama-kilojoule amaningi, amaswidi;
• ukukhathala okusheshayo.

Ngubani okhonjiswa i-PP futhi angaboniswa?

Uma sikhuluma ngezinkomba nokuphikisana, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo kwezokwelapha nakwezemidlalo.

Kwezokwelapha, i-niacin iboniswa nge:

• izinkinga zesistimu yenhliziyo;
• isifo sikashukela;
• ukukhuluphala;
• ukuphazamiseka kokuvala igazi;
• i-anemia;
• i-avitaminosis;
• izifo zohlelo lokugaya ukudla;
• ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwesistimu yezinzwa;
• izinguquko eziwohlokayo esikhumbeni, izinwele, izinzipho;
• ukuvimbela ama-neoplasms.

Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi i-niacin isebenza kuphela ngezifo. Usiza nabasubathi ngezindlela eziningi. Isibonelo, ngosizo lwe-nicotinic acid, kuhle ukwehlisa isisindo ngokususa inani elincane ngenxa ye-oxidation yamafutha ayingozi.

Ekuphakamiseni izinsimbi, i-B3 ivikela amathambo ku-arthritis ne-arthrosis ngokususa ama-radicals amahhala nokukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu zamathambo nemisipha. Ekugcineni, i-PP ivuselela ukukhula kwemisipha ngokugeleza kwegazi, ukondla okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokulethwa komoya-mpilo.

Kunokuphikisana okumbalwa kwe-niacin. Akunconyelwa labo abanezimpawu:

• ukungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye;
• ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile;
• isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi;
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
• izinqubo zokulimala kwamathumbu emathunjini;
• sifo;
• ukungasebenzi kwesibindi;
• isifo sikashukela.

Akufanelekile ukuthatha i-niacin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye ne-lactation.

Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa

I-Niacin iza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ngendlela yamaphilisi, i-niacin ithathwa ngabasubathi ngo-0.02 g kathathu ngosuku, ngemuva kokudla.

Uma sikhuluma ngesifo, umthamo ubalwa ngudokotela futhi kuncike ohlotsheni lwezokwelapha lwe-pathology eyimbangela.

Imithetho yokwamukelwa imi kanje:

• umthamo ojwayelekile ungama-20 mg, umthamo wansuku zonke u-1 g, ubukhulu bungu-6 g;
• phuza amafomu aqinile anoketshezi oluningi;
• uphuze ubisi oluningi, oluthambisa umphumela womuthi kulwelwesi lwamafinyila wohlelo lokugaya ukudla;
• ngaphezu kwalokho thatha i-ascorbic acid, esusa i-niacin emzimbeni;
• ukwamukela izifundo, hhayi kanye.

Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile

I-B3 ayinakubalwa njengesishisi esinamafutha esimweni sayo esimsulwa. Akukwenzi ngokwayo kukhuthaze ukwehla kwesisindo, kepha kuyabandakanyeka ekusetshenzisweni komzimba ngendlela yokuthi kuvuselele ukukhiqizwa kwejusi le-pancreatic kanye ne-serotonin, i-hormone yenjabulo. Ukuhlanganiswa kokugcina kusebenza nge-insulin, futhi ama-carbohydrate asheshayo ayashukumisa.

Ngokwenza lokhu, lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokushoda kwe-PP, kuvela ukushoda kwe-serotonin, okulula ukufaka esikhundleni samakhekhe noshokoledi. Njengomphumela - amakhilogremu angeziwe. Okufanele i-niacin ukunciphisa izifiso zokudla okunesitashi namaswidi.

Kuvela ukuthi i-serotonin eyengeziwe emzimbeni, isidingo esincane sama-carbohydrate nokudla okunama-kilojoule amaningi. Futhi ulinganisa izinga lokuvalwa kwe-hormone yenjabulo niacin.

Ukwanda kobungqabavu, ukwanda kokuvivinya umzimba kuholela ekwehliseni isisindo sangempela kufika ku-7 kg ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-niacin ayiyona i-panacea yazo zonke izifo, iyakhuthaza, okungukuthi, isheshisa inqubo yokushisa amafutha, kepha ayibhubhisi amakhilogremu ngokwawo. Isusa okunomsoco - okunomsoco nokunyakaza.

Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi i-niacin iyi-vithamini, ifakiwe kuhlu lwama-ejenti ekhemisi. Amavithamini nezidakamizwa ezinjengevithamini zinemiphumela yazo emibi. Kwesinye isikhathi zibucayi kakhulu futhi zifanelwe ukunakwa okungenamibandela. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:

• i-erythema yesikhumba nokukhanya okushisayo;
• ikhanda elikhanyayo ngesiyezi;
• ukuqubuka esikhunjeni nasezikhungweni zomlomo;
• ukwehla okukhulu komfutho wegazi.

Okubi kakhulu ukwehla komfutho wegazi, okungaholela ekuweni nasekuboshweni kwenhliziyo. Yonke imiphumela emibi ivela ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthatha i-niacin. Zihlotshaniswa nomphumela wevithamini emithanjeni yegazi. Unekhono le-vasodilate. I-vasodilation ibangela i-hypotension. Ngokufanayo, ama-hepatocyte wesibindi namanyikwe ama-pancreatic angasebenza kabi, okuzoholela ekushintshashintsheni kwamazinga kashukela egazini. Konke ndawonye kungadala ukuquleka noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. ngakho-ke, ukudla okungalawulwa kwe-niacin kuyaphikiswa. Ikakhulukazi i-hypotensive.

Umthamo wayo kufanele ubhekwe ngudokotela. Lapho umuthi usumisiwe, isimo sesiguli sibuyela kokujwayelekile sisodwa. Uma kwenzeka kuwa, kudingeka i-ambulensi.

Izimpawu zokuthi kungenzeka yini ukusabela kokugula kungaba yi-hyperthermia yezingalo nemilenze, ubomvu be-décolleté nentamo. Lezi yizimpawu zokuqala zenkinga ekuthatheni i-niacin. Lokhu kuchazwa ngokukhishwa kwe-histamine egazini. Lokhu kusabela kufanele kumiswe ngama-antihistamine asebenza ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwezinzuzo ze-B3, ukulimala okuqondile nakho kungenzeka.

Bukela ividiyo: Niacinamide and Metformin Update 2020 (May 2025).