Amarekhodi omhlaba weMarathon

Ibanga eliyingqayizivele lemarathon linobude obufana ncamashi no-42 km 195 m, lokhu kuyisiqongo esihle ngokumangalisayo, lapho abagijimi abaningi bemarathon abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba sebevele bakhuphuka.

Ukuze ube ngumgijimi we-marathon kudinga iminyaka eminingi nokuqeqeshwa okunengqondo, imarathon njengesiyalo esijwayelekile yasungulwa emuva ngonyaka we-1896, kuphela lapho kuphela amadoda abamba iqhaza lapho.

Incazelo yemarathon engama-42 km

Umjaho wama-42 km 195 m ujwayelene nazo zonke izakhamizi zomhlaba, indlela eyingqayizivele yezokusubatha yavela emuva ngo-1896 kwabesilisa nango-1984 kwabesifazane, okungukuthi, eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva. Imarathon ngomqondo obanzi jikelele ibanga elide, elibandakanya ukugijima ngokweqile noma endaweni enolaka.

Umsuka wemarathon ubuyela endulo eGrisi, lapho iqhawe elingumGrikhi likwazile ukuletha izindaba zokunqoba kwamaGreki kubantu bakubo, lapho-ke ligijime u-34.5 km laya e-Athene. Futhi leli qhawe labalekela endaweni yaseMarathon, lapho kwakukhona khona impi uqobo.

Imidlalo yama-Olimpiki edume kakhulu futhi eyokuqala yenzeka ngo-1896 e-Athens, lapho owawina khona kuqala kwakungumGreki owayekhombisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu yokugijima, yize ayesebenzisa i-doping ngendlela yewayini, eyayiqeda ukoma kwakhe.

Kuyini ukulungiselela imarathon

Ukuqhuba imarathon enzima futhi enkulu kangaka kudinga ukulungiswa okuhle nokude ngokwecebo, futhi uqiniseke nokwenza imincintiswano ejwayelekile ye-1 km, 3 km, 5 km, kanye ne-10 km, njalonjalo ngokwesheduli. Kuzokwenzeka ukugijima epaki nasenkundleni yezemidlalo, awudingi ukwenza umsebenzi onzima, le misebenzi kufanele ibe mnandi futhi ijabulise.

Ungasebenzisa futhi isoftware ehlukile yezobuchwepheshe, kungaba yi-music-type metronome efakwe kwi-smartphone. Kuyalulekwa futhi ukuthi ube ne-hydrometer nesiqaphi sokushaya kwenhliziyo esizokutshela ukuthi ume nini uphuze amanzi, futhi uphumule kancane emgwaqeni, uma ugijima ama-50-60 km izinsuku eziyi-7, lapho-ke akumele kube nezinkinga emjahweni wamakhilomitha angama-42.

Umlando wamarekhodi omhlaba

Kwabesifazane, ama-Olimpiki

1. XXIII Olympiad - 1984 Los Angeles, Joan Benoit 1st place 2:24:52 USA
2. I-XXIV Olympiad - 1988, Seoul, Rosa Maria mota Correia DOS Santos, 2:25:40, Portugal
3. I-XXV Olympiad - 1992 iBarcelona, ​​uValentina Egorova, i-CIS, 2:32:41
4. XXVI Olympiad - 1996, Atlanta, Fatuma Roba, Ethiopia, 2:26:05
5. I-XXVII Olympiad - 2000, iSydney, iTakahashi, iJapan, 2:23:14
6. XXVIII Olympiad - 2004, Athene, Mizuki, Japan, 2:26:20
7. I-XXIX Olympiad - 2008, Beijing, Constantin Tomescu, eRomania, 2:26:44
8. I-XXX Olympiad - 2012, London, Tiki Gelana, Ethiopia, 2:23:07
9. Imidlalo ye-XXXI yama-Olimpiki - 2016, Rio de Janeiro, Kipchoge, Kenya, 2:08:44

Emadodeni, ama-Olimpiki

1. Ngi-Olympiad ngo-Ephreli 6-15, 1896, e-Athene, eSpiridon Louis, eGrisi, 2:58
2. II Olympiad 1900, eParis, uMichel Johann Theato, eLuxembourg, 2:59:45
3. III Olympiad 1904, St Louis, Thomas J. Hicks, USA, 3:28:53
4. IV Olympiad 1908, London, Joe Joseph Heys, USA, 2:55:19
5. V Olympiad 1912, Stockholm Mcarthur, 2:36:54
6. I-VII Olympiad (1920, Antwerp, Hannes Kolehvfinen, Finland, 2:32:35
7. I-VIII Olympiad (1924, Paris, Albin Oskar Stenrus, Finland, 2:41:23)
8. IX Olympiad (1928, Amsterdam, Mohamed Bougera Ouafi, France, 2:29:01
9. X Olympiad (1932, Los Angeles, Juan Carlos Zabala, Argentina, 2:31:36)
10. IXI Olympiad (1936, Berlin, Kitay son, Japan, 2:29:19
11. IXIII Olympiad (1948, London, Delfo Carbero, Argentina, 2:34:52
12. XV Olympiad (1952, Helsinki, Emil Zatopek, Czechoslovakia, 2:23:03
13. XVI Olympiad (1956, Melbourne), Alena Ohara Mimone, France, 2:26:00
14. XVII Olympiad (1960, Rome), Abeb Bikila, Ethiopia, 2:15:16
15. XVIII Olympiad (1964, Tokyo), Abebe Bikila, Ethiopia, 2:12:11
16. IXIX Olympiad (1968, Mexico City), Mamo Wolde, Ethiopia, 2:20:26
17. I-XX Olympiad (1972, Munich), uFrank Shorter, e-USA, 2:12:19
18. XXI Olympiad (1976, Montreal), Waldemar Kerpinski, East Germany, 2:09:55
19. I-XXII Olympiad (1980, Moscow), Waldemar Kempinski, GDR, 2:11:03
20. XXIII Olympiad (1984, Los Angeles), Carlos Alberpto Lopez Sousa, Potrugalia, 2:09:21
21. I-XXIV Olympiad (1984, Seoul), Gelindo Bordin, Italy, 2:10:32
22. I-XXV Olympiad (1992, Barcelona), uYoung-cho Hwang, Korea, 2:13:23
23. XXVI Olympiad (1996, Atlanta), Josiah Chugwane, Afrika, 2:12, 36
24. XXVII Olympiad - 2000, Sydney, G. Abera, Ethiopia, 2:10:11
25. XXVIII Olympiad - 2004, Athens, St. Baldini, 2:10
26. XXIX Olympiad - 2008, Beijing, Samuel Kamu Wansiru, Kenya, 2:06:32
27. I-XXX Olympiad - 2012, London, Steven Kiprogich, Uganda, 2:08:01
28. I-XXXI Olympiad - 2016, Rio de Janeiro, Eliud Kipchogi, Kenya, 2:08:44

Irekhodi lomhlaba emjahweni wabesifazane

Namuhla, irekhodi eliphelele lomhlaba emjahweni wamakhilomitha angama-42 ngelomgijimi waseBrithani uRadcliffe, ohlanganise amabanga ngamahora ama-2 imizuzu eyi-15. Irekhodi elinjalo lenziwa nguJ. Radcliffe ngo-2003 ngo-Ephreli, kungaleso sikhathi lapho lo mcimbi oyingqayizivele wenzeka khona, owaziwa kabanzi namuhla, kwakuyirekhodi lomhlaba futhi babengeke bakwazi ukuwushaya okwamanje.

URadcliffe waqhudelana ngaleso sikhathi kwiBritish Marathon, lapho aqeda khona ngokwenza okumangazayo, wamangaza umphakathi waseLondon ngohlanga lwakhe. UJane uzuze inani eliphakeme kangako lapho eseneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho, ngo-2012, wenza amarekhodi amabili ngasikhathi sinye, 1 eLondon nango-2-1 eChicago. Namuhla lo msubathi ugxile emabangeni amade ajwayelekile, nasekugijimeni komgwaqo omkhulu nasemigijimweni ehlukahlukene enzima yokuwela izwe.

Mayelana nomsubathi

UJane wazalelwa eCheshire eDavenham, kusukela ebuntwaneni wayengumntwana ojwayelekile obuthakathaka owayehlushwa kakhulu yisifuba somoya, futhi waqala ukudlala imidlalo ethonywe futhi egadwe nguyise, umgijimi owayedumile ngaleso sikhathi. Impumelelo yakhe yokuqala yafika ngo-1992, lapho eba yingqwele, kwathi ngo-1997 wasathola isiliva emqhudelwaneni omkhulu wezwe lonke.

Kwathi ngo-1998 nango-2003 waba ngumpetha wezwe eliwela izwe laseYurophu, futhi, wabamba iqhaza kuma-Olympic Games kusukela ngo-1996, yize ayengakaze akhuphukele ezindaweni ezingaphezu kwezingu-4, kwathi ngo-2002, 2003 nango-2005 waba ngowokuqala kuma-marathon ahlonishwayo. IMelika neLondon.

Uqophe irekhodi lakhe eliyingqayizivele lomhlaba wonke ngo-2003 neLondon Great Marathon, ayigijima ngo-2: 15: 25. Namuhla uhlala eMonaco, ushade noRadcliffe kusukela ngo-2001, unendodakazi, u-Isla, owazalwa ngo-2007, kwathi ngo-2010 kwavela enye indodana, uRaphael, namuhla uRadcliffe usethathe umhlalaphansi.

Bekunjani imincintiswano

Umcimbi oyingqayizivele empilweni kaJane Radcliffe wenzeka ngo-2003 ngo-Ephreli 13, lapho ayencintisana khona emjahweni wabesifazane futhi waqeda phambi kwezithameli zaseBrithani ezinomdlandla, wenza irekhodi eliyingqayizivele. Lo marathon waseLondon ubanjwa minyaka yonke eBrithani futhi ungomunye weyisithupha ngobukhulu emhlabeni.

Umzila webanga elide ubushesha kakhulu, unethezekile futhi uyisicaba, umzila ugijima eLondon usuka empumalanga uye eBlackheath, bese udlula eWoolwich naseCharlton ubheke entshonalanga uye eGreenwich futhi uwele iThames uye eBuckingham Palace. UJane Radcliffe uqophe umlando oyingqayizivele ongakaze ushaywe kuyo yonke iminyaka yokuncintisana.

Irekhodi lomhlaba emjahweni wamadoda

Irekhodi eliyingqayizivele lomhlaba lomjaho wamadoda namuhla ngelomsubathi uDennis Kimetto waseKenya, owahamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-42 ngamahora ama-2 nemizuzu emi-2 kuphela, lokhu kwakungo-2014.

BekuyiGreat Berlin Marathon edumile, lapho umKenya ephule khona irekhodi lakudala elenziwa nguWilson Kipsang ngonyaka owedlule, ngo-2014 kwase kunababambiqhaza abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane. Kakade maphakathi naleli banga, uQuimetto wabambelela kubaholi abayisikhombisa, okwathi emva kwakhe wagijima kuqala wabe esebafica, futhi wayevele eqonda ukuthi irekhodi lomhlaba lizokwenzani ekugcineni kwebanga uqobo.

Mayelana nomgijimi

UDennis Quimetto wenze umcimbi oyingqayizivele oyingqophamlando, njengoba indoda ethile igijime umncintiswano omkhulu onzima okokuqala ngqa emahoreni amabili nemizuzu emibili.

Ngale mpumelelo, umgijimi we-marathon waseKenya wabhala igama lakhe emlandweni wezemidlalo ngezinhlamvu zegolide, okwakuyimpumelelo emangalisayo emhlabeni. Lapha uQuimetto washesha ngokushesha futhi kwacaca kuwo wonke umuntu ukuthi irekhodi lomhlaba elidala lizosongelwa ngokuqinisekile.

Lo mjaho ubusuvele ungowesine eKenya, lapho ekwazile ukuwina khona yomithathu. UDennis wayeqiniseka ukuthi eBerlin 2014 nakanjani uzophula irekhodi lakudala elenziwa ngumuntu wakubo uWilson futhi uzogijima ngokushesha kuno-2: 03: 00. Ukusho ngokusobala ukuthi uma isimo sezulu eBerlin sihle, lelo rekhodi lizoba ngelakhe nakanjani, uDennis Quimetto wakusho ngalokhu phambilini.

Ibinjani imarathon

IBarlin Marathon ivamise ukwenzeka ngoSepthemba enhlokodolobha futhi isivele ingeyesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni; manje kunabadlali abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane abavela emazweni omhlaba ayi-120 ababamba iqhaza lapha. Ibanga lapha bekungokwesiko, futhi isiqalo uqobo sahamba ngqo enhlokodolobha yaseJalimane, ngobude balo mzila kwakukhona abalandeli abangaphezu kwesigidi namaqembu omculo.

Leli holidi le-chic lalinesitayela esimangazayo nje, ekuqaleni kwakukhona abaholi abayisikhombisa, yize ngamakhilomitha angama-30 kwakusele abathathu kuphela kubo. Lapha uQuimetto wayelokhu egijima ngokucacile nangokuzethemba futhi wadlula cishe ezingeni elifanayo noMutai, futhi esevele engamakhilomitha angama-38 waba ngowokuqala futhi wabadlula bonke abagijimi be-marathon.

Ibanga eliphelele lemarathon lamakhilomitha angama-42 no-195 m liyisiqalo esikhethekile nesingafani nalutho, lapho abaningi befuna ukukhuphuka okungenani kanye ezimpilweni zabo. Ukubamba iqhaza kuphela emjahweni webanga elide kuyadingeka ukufinyelela kulo mzuzu ngokunengqondo, njengoba ulilungiselele ngokujulile leli bhizinisi, umgijimi we-marathon kufanele azi kahle ukuthi kuyini ukugijima.

Umhlanganyeli ngamunye onjalo kufanele avunyelwe kusuka kudokotela, yize imikhawulo yobudala ingekho kuyo yonke indawo, okungukuthi, ungaba umgijimi we-marathon noma usumdala impela.Ngokwesiko, ukuqala kwenziwa emgwaqweni omkhulu ngaphandle komehluko omkhulu, yize kukhona lapho kuqala khona lapho indawo ingaba yimbi kakhulu futhi ibe nzima.

Bukela ividiyo: Bristol 2001. World Half Marathon Championships (Julayi 2025).