I-42 km marathon - amarekhodi namaqiniso athakazelisayo

AmaMarathon ajwayelekile phakathi kwemicimbi eminingi yezemidlalo. Kuhanjelwa ngabasubathi abangochwepheshe nabanolwazi, kanye nabasubathi be-amateur. Uqhamuke kanjani ibanga lemarathon futhi ungalimboza izinsuku ezingaki zilandelana?

Uyini umlando wokuqhamuka kwemarathon engaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-42 ubude, futhi yimaphi amarekhodi omhlaba asemjahweni wabesifazane nabesilisa? Ubani kubagijimi abayi-10 abashesha kakhulu be-marathon futhi yini amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngemarathon engama-42 km? Kanye namathiphu wokulungiselela nokunqoba imarathon, funda le ndatshana.

Umlando wemarathon engama-42 km

Imarathon ngumkhondo wethrekhi we-Olimpiki nensimu futhi ingamakhilomitha angama-42, amamitha ayi-195 (noma amamayela angama-26, amamitha angama-395) ubude. Emidlalweni yama-Olympic, amadoda ancintisane kulo mkhakha kusukela ngo-1896, nabesifazane kusukela ngo-1984.

Njengomthetho, ama-marathon abanjwa emgwaqeni omkhulu, yize kwesinye isikhathi leli gama lisho imincintiswano ebangeni elide egijima ezindaweni ezimbi, nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu (kwesinye isikhathi amabanga angahluka). Elinye ibanga lokugijima elidumile yi-half marathon.

Izikhathi zasendulo

Njengoba inganekwane isho, uPhidippides - iqhawe laseGrisi - ngo-490 BC, ekupheleni kweMpi YaseMarathon, wagijimela e-Athene ukuze azise abantu bakubo ngokunqoba.

Lapho efika e-Athene, wawa wafa, kodwa wakwazi ukumemeza: "Thokozani, base-Athene, sinqobile!" Le nganekwane yachazwa okokuqala nguPlutarch encwadini yakhe ethi "The Glory of Athens", ngaphezu kwengxenye yeminyaka eyizinkulungwane ngemuva kwemicimbi yangempela.

Ngokwenye inguqulo (uHerodotus usitshela ngaye), uPhidippides wayeyisithunywa. Wathunyelwa ngabase-Athene kwabaseSpartan ukuyoqiniswa, wagijima ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-230 ngezinsuku ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, umncintiswano wakhe awuphumelelanga ...

Kulezi zinsuku

UMichel Breal waseFrance uqhamuke nomqondo wokuhlela umjaho webanga elide. Uphuphe ukuthi leli banga lizofakwa ohlelweni lweMidlalo Yama-Olimpiki ngo-1896 e-Athene - olokuqala ezikhathini zanamuhla. Umbono womFulentshi wawuthanda uPierre de Coubertin, owayengumsunguli weMidlalo Yama-Olympic yanamuhla.

Umjaho wokuqala wokuhlunga wagcina ubanjelwe eGrisi, kwathi uHarilaos Vasilakos waba ngumnqobi, owagijima ibanga emahoreni amathathu nemizuzu eyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Futhi u-Greek Spiridon Luis waba ngumpetha wama-Olimpiki, enqobe ibanga lemarathon ngamahora amabili imizuzu engamashumi amahlanu nesishiyagalombili namasekhondi angamashumi amahlanu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho esendleleni wama ukuze athole ingilazi yewayini nomalume wakhe.

Ukubamba iqhaza kwabesifazane emjahweni webanga elide ngesikhathi semidlalo yama-Olympic kwenzeka okokuqala eMidlalweni eyayiseLos Angeles (eU.SA) - lokhu kwakungo-1984.

Ibanga leMarathon

Emidlalweni yokuqala yama-Olimpiki e-1896, imarathon ibingamakhilomitha angamashumi amane (24.85 miles) ubude. Yabe isishintsha, kwathi kusuka ngo-1924 yaba amakhilomitha angama-42.195 (26.22 miles) - lokhu kwasungulwa yi-International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF yanamuhla).

Isiyalo se-Olympic

Selokhu kwaqala iMidlalo Yama-Olimpiki yesimanje, umncintiswano wamadoda waba uhlelo lokugcina lwezemidlalo. Abagijimi beMarathon baqeda enkundleni enkulu yama-Olimpiki, amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvalwa kwemidlalo, noma ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuvalwa.

Amarekhodi omhlaba wamanje

Emadodeni

Irekhodi lomhlaba emjahweni wabesilisa liphethwe ngumsubathi waseKenya uDennis Quimetto.

Ugijime ibanga lamakhilomitha angama-42 namamitha ayi-195 emahoreni amabili, imizuzu emibili namasekhondi angamashumi amahlanu. Lokhu kwakungo-2014.

Phakathi kwabesifazane

Irekhodi lomhlaba ebangeni le-marathon labesifazane ngelomgijimi waseBrithani uPaul Redcliffe. Ngo-2003, wagijima umjaho webanga elide ngamahora amabili nemizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu namasekhondi angamashumi amabili nanhlanu.

Ngo-2012, umgijimi waseKenya uMary Keitani wazama ukwephula leli rekhodi, kodwa wehluleka. Ugijime umjaho webanga elide ngaphezu kwemizuzu emithathu kunoPaula Radcliffe.

Abagijimi abaphezulu abayi-10 abashesha kunazo zonke emarathon

Izintandokazi lapha ikakhulukazi abasubathi abavela eKenya nase-Ethiopia.

1. Umgijimi uphume IKenya Dennis Quimetto... Ugijime iBerlin Marathon ngoSepthemba 28, 2014 ngamahora ama-2 imizuzu emibili nemizuzwana engama-57.
2. Umgijimi uphume I-Ethiopia Kenenisa Bekele. Ugijime iBerlin Marathon ngoSepthemba 25, 2016 ngamahora ama-2 imizuzu emi-3 imizuzwana emi-3.
3. Umgijimi waseKenya u-Eliud Kipchoge ugijime iLondon Marathon ngo-Ephreli 24, 2016 ngamahora ama-2 imizuzu emithathu nemizuzwana emi-5.
4. Umgijimi waseKenya u-Emmanuel Mutai ugijime iBerlin Marathon ngoSepthemba 28, 2014 ngamahora ama-2 imizuzu emithathu nemizuzwana eyi-13.
5. Umgijimi waseKenya uWilson Kipsang wagijima iBerlin Marathon ngoSepthemba 29, 2013 ngamahora ama-2 imizuzu emithathu nemizuzwana engama-23.
6. Umgijimi waseKenya uPatrick Macau wagijima iBerlin Marathon ngoSepthemba 25, 2011 ngamahora ama-2 imizuzu emithathu nemizuzwana engama-38.
7. Umgijimi waseKenya uStanley Beevott ugijime iLondon Marathon ngo-Ephreli 24, 2016 ngamahora ama-2 imizuzu emithathu nemizuzwana engama-51.
8. Umgijimi wase-Ethiopia ugijime iBerlin Marathon ngamahora amabili nemizuzu engu-3 namasekhondi angu-59 Septhemba 28, 2008.
9. Umgijimi waseKenya u-Eliu dKipchoge ugijime iBerlin Marathon ngamahora amabili, imizuzu engu-4 Septhemba 27, 2015.
10. Kuvalwa umgijimi oyishumi ovela phezulu eKenya uJeffrey Mutai, owanqoba iBerlin Marathon ngoSepthemba 30, 2012 ngamahora ama-2 imizuzu emi-4 nemizuzwana eyi-15.

Ama-marathoners aphezulu angama-10 asheshayo

1. Kumahora ama-2 imizuzu engu-15 nemizuzwana engama-25, umsubathi ovela e-UK UPaula Radcliffe wagijima ngo-Ephreli 13, 2003 eLondon Marathon.
2. Emahoreni ama-2 imizuzu engu-18 namasekhondi angu-37, umgijimi esuka UmKenya uMary Keitani wagijima i-22 Ephreli 2012 eLondon Marathon.
3. Emahoreni ama-2 imizuzu eyi-18 namasekhondi angama-47 umgijimi waseKenya Katrin Ndereba wagijima ngo-Okthoba 7, 2001 eChicago Marathon.
4. UmTopiya emahoreni ama-2 imizuzu engu-18 imizuzu engu-58 UTiki Gelana uqede iRotterdam Marathon ngo-Ephreli 15, 2012.
5. Emahoreni ama-2 imizuzu engu-19 imizuzu eyi-12 isiJapane Mizuki Noguchi yagijima umhlaka 25 Septhemba 2005 eBerlin Marathon
6. Emahoreni ama-2 imizuzu eyi-19 imizuzwana eyi-19, umgijimi waseJalimane u-Irina Mikitenko wagijima iBerlin Marathon ngoSepthemba 28, 2008.
7. Emahoreni ama-2 imizuzu engu-19 imizuzwana engama-25 amaKenya Glades Cherono yanqoba iBerlin Marathon ngoSepthemba 27, 2015.
8. Emaminithini ama-2 imizuzu engu-19 imizuzwana engama-31, abagijimi abavela UmTopiya u-Acelefesh Mergia ugijime iDubai Marathon ngoJanuwari 27, 2012.
9. Umgijimi ovela eKenya ngamahora ama-2 imizuzu engu-19 imizuzu engama-34 ULucy Kabuu udlule i-Dubai Marathon ngoJanuwari 27, 2012.
10. Ukuhlanganisa abagijimi besifazane abaphezulu abayishumi be-marathon UDina Castor isuka e-USA, egijime iLondon Marathon ngo-2: 19.36 ngomhlaka 23 Ephreli 2006.

Kuyathakazelisa ngemarathon engama-42 km

• Ukunqoba ibanga lokugijima lamakhilomitha angama-42 amamitha ayi-195 yisigaba sesithathu emncintiswaneni we-Ironman triathlon.
• Ibanga lemarathon lingahlanganiswa emincintiswaneni yokuncintisana neyamateur.
• Ngakho-ke, ngo-2003, uRanulf Fiennes waseGreat Britain wagijima ama-marathoni ayisikhombisa emazwenikazi ayisikhombisa ahlukene nasezingxenyeni zomhlaba izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.

• Isakhamuzi saseBelgium uStefaan Engels wanquma ngo-2010 ukuthi uzogijima umjaho webanga elide nsuku zonke, kodwa walimala ngoJanuwari, ngakho-ke waqala kabusha ngoFebhuwari.
• NgoMashi 30, owaseBelgium washaya umphumela waseSpain Ricardo Abad Martinez, owagijima ama-marathoni angu-150 ngenani elifanayo lezinsuku ngo-2009. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngoFebhuwari 2011, uStefan Engels oneminyaka engama-49 waqeda umjaho wama-365. Ngokwesilinganiso, uchithe amahora amane emjahweni futhi wakhombisa umphumela omuhle kakhulu emahoreni amabili nemizuzu engama-56.

• UJohnny Kelly wabamba iqhaza kwiBoston Marathon izikhathi ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha kusuka ngo-1928 kuya ku-1992, futhi ngenxa yalokho, wafinyelela entanjeni amahlandla angama-58 futhi waba ngumnqobi kabili (ngo-1935 nango-1945 AD)
• UDisemba 31, 2010 Isakhamuzi saseCanada esineminyaka engu-55 ubudala uMartin Parnell wagijima ama-marathoni angama-250 phakathi nonyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, usegqoke amateki amateki angama-25. Kwesinye isikhathi futhi kwakudingeka agijime emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-degrees angamashumi amathathu.
• Ngokusho kososayensi abavela eSpain, amathambo abagijimi be-marathon isikhathi eside ekugugeni awenzi ukuguga nokubhujiswa, ngokungafani nabanye abantu.
• USergei Burlakov, umgijimi waseRussia onqanyulwe imilenze nezandla zombili, wabamba iqhaza kwiNew York Marathon ka-2003. Waba ngumgijimi wokuqala webanga elide ukuba anqunywe kane.
• Umgijimi wemarathon endala emhlabeni yisakhamuzi saseNdiya uFauja Singh. Ungene eGuinness Book of Records ngesikhathi egijimela imarathon eneminyaka engu-100 ngo-2011 ngo-8: 11: 06. Manje umsubathi uneminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu ubudala.
• Umlimi wase-Australia uCliff Young wanqoba i-ultramarathon ngo-1961, yize kwakungokokuqala. Umgijimi uhlanganise amakhilomitha angama-875 ngezinsuku ezinhlanu, amahora ayishumi nanhlanu nemizuzu emine. Uhambe kancane, ekuqaleni wasalela emuva kakhulu kwabanye, kodwa ekugcineni washiya ngemuva abasubathi abangochwepheshe. Waphumelela kamuva, ukuthi wahamba ngaphandle kokulala (lokhu kwaba umkhuba kuye, ngoba njengomlimi wasebenza izinsuku eziningana zilandelana - eqoqa izimvu emadlelweni).
• Umgijimi waseBrithani uSteve Chock uqoqe umnikelo omkhulu kunayo yonke wokupha emlandweni we-marathon wama- £ 2 million. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi seLondon Marathon ngo-Ephreli 2011.
• Umsubathi oneminyaka engama-44 uBrianen Price ubambe iqhaza emjahweni ongaphansi konyaka ngemuva kokuhlinzwa inhliziyo yakhe.
• U-opharetha waseSweden u-Andrei Kelberg wahlanganisa ibanga elide, ehamba emphemeni womkhumbi iSotello. Sekukonke, wagijima amathanga angama-224 emkhunjini, wachitha amahora amane nemizuzu emine kuwo.
• Umgijimi waseMelika uMargaret Hagerty uqale ukugijima eneminyaka engama-72. Ngesikhathi eneminyaka engama-81, wayesebambe iqhaza kumarathoni kuwo wonke amazwekazi ayisikhombisa omhlaba.
• Umgijimi waseBrithani uLloyd Scott wagijima iLondon Marathon ngonyaka ka-202 egqoke isudi yesiphambuka enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-55. Uchithe cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu kulokhu, ebeka irekhodi lomhlaba lomjaho webanga eliphansi kakhulu. Ngo-2011, wabamba iqhaza emjahweni wemvunulo, wasebenzisa izinsuku ezingama-26 kulo mjaho.
• Umsubathi wase-Ethiopia u-Abebe Bakila unqobe umjaho we-Roma wase-1960. Ngokuthakazelisayo, walemboza lonke lelo banga engafake zicathulo.
• Imvamisa, umgijimi we-marathon okhokhelwayo ugijima umjaho wejubane ngejubane lama-20 km / h, okushesha okuphindwe kabili kunokufuduka kwama-reindeer nama-saigas.

Izindinganiso ze-Bit zokugijima kwe-marathon

Kwabesifazane

Izindinganiso zokukhishwa kwemarathon egijima ngebanga lamakhilomitha angama-42 amamitha ayi-195 kwabesifazane imi kanje:

• I-International Master of Sports (MSMK) - 2: 35.00;
• I-Master of Sports (MS) - 2: 48.00;
• Oqokelwe ukuba yi-Master of Sports (CCM) - 3: 00.00;
• Isigaba sokuqala - 3: 12.00;
• Isigaba sesi-2 - 3: 30.00;
• Isigaba sesi-3 - uZak. Dist.

Okwabesilisa

Izindinganiso zokukhishwa kwemarathon egijima ngebanga lamakhilomitha angama-42 amamitha ayi-195 kwabesilisa imi kanje:

• I-International Master of Sports (MSMK) - 2: 13.30;
• I-Master of Sports (MS) - 2: 20.00;
• Oqokelwe ukuba yi-Master of Sports (CCM) - 2: 28.00;
• Isigaba sokuqala - 2: 37.00;
• Isigaba sesi-2 - 2: 48.00;
• Isigaba sesi-3 - uZak. Dist.

Ungayilungiselela kanjani imarathon ukuze ukwazi ukuyigijima ngesilinganiso esiphansi sesikhathi?

Uhlobo lokuzivocavoca

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqeqeshwa njalo, okufanele kuqale okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi komncintiswano.

Uma inhloso yakho ukusebenzisa imarathon ngamahora amathathu, kuzodingeka ukuthi usebenzise okungenani amakhilomitha angamakhulu amahlanu ngesikhathi sokuziqeqesha ngenyanga edlule. Kungakuhle ukuqeqesha ngale ndlela elandelayo: izinsuku ezintathu zokuqeqeshwa, usuku olulodwa lokuphumula.

Amavithamini nokudla

Njengoba amavithamini nama-microelements kuphoqelekile ukusetshenziswa:

• KUSUKA,
• IN,
• ama-multivitamini,
• i-calcium,
• i-magnesium.

Futhi, ngaphambi komncintiswano, ungazama ukudla okudumile "kwamaprotheni", nangesonto ngaphambi komncintiswano, uyeke ukudla ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi komncintiswano, udinga ukukhipha ukudla okuqukethe amaprotheni futhi udle ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate.

Izinsiza kusebenza

• Into esemqoka ukukhetha amateki anethezekile futhi alula, okuthiwa yi "marathon".
• Izindawo lapho ukungqubuzana kungenzeka khona kungagcotshwa nge-petroleum jelly noma uwoyela wohlobo lwabantwana.
• Kungcono ukukhetha okugqokekayo kwekhwalithi eyenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa.
• Uma imarathon yenzeka ngosuku olubalele, kuzodingeka isigqoko, kanye nokhilimu ovikelayo onesihlungi okungenani esingu-20-30.

Amathiphu Wokuncintisana

• Setha umgomo - bese uya kuso ngokusobala. Isibonelo, thola isikhathi ozosisebenzisa ukumboza ibanga, nesikhathi esimaphakathi.
• Akudingeki ukuthi uqalise ngokushesha - leli elinye lamaphutha ajwayelekile wonke umuntu enza ama-newbies. Kungcono ukusabalalisa amabutho akho ngokulinganayo.
• Khumbula: ukufinyelela entanjeni kuyinjongo efanelekile yokuqala.
• Ngesikhathi semarathon uqobo, kufanele uphuze impela - kungaba amanzi amsulwa noma iziphuzo zamandla.
• Izithelo ezahlukahlukene ezinjengama-aphula, ubhanana noma izithelo ezisawolintshi, kanye nezithelo ezomisiwe namantongomane kuzosiza ekuvuseleleni amandla akho. Futhi, imigoqo yamandla iyasiza.

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