Ama-Coenzymes ayizinhlanganisela ezingezona ezamaphrotheni ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwama-enzyme amaningi. Iningi lazo litholakala kumavithamini.
Isizathu sokuphazamiseka komzimba nokuncipha kokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziwusizo emzimbeni kuvame ukwehla komsebenzi wezinhlobo ezithile zama-enzyme. Ngakho-ke, ama-coenzymes adingeka kakhulu kithina.
Ngomqondo omncane, i-coenzyme yi-coenzyme Q10, etholakala ku-folic acid namanye amavithamini amaningana. Okubaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu yilawo ma-coenzymes akhiqizwa amavithamini B.
© rosinka79 - stock.adobe.com
I-Coenzyme iyadingeka ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla eselula, adingekayo ukugcina impilo. Noma iyiphi inqubo eyenzeka emzimbeni womuntu idinga insizakusebenza enkulu yamandla, noma ngabe kungokwengqondo, umsebenzi wesistimu yenhliziyo noma yokugaya ukudla, ukusebenza komzimba lapho kulayishwa uhlelo lwemisipha. Ngenxa yokusabela lapho ama-coenzymes angena khona ngama-enzyme, kukhiqizwa amandla adingekayo.
Imisebenzi yama-coenzymes
Ama-Coenzymes ayizinhlanganisela ezingezona ezamaphrotheni ezikhuthaza ukusebenza kwamandla we-enzyme. Benza imisebenzi emibili eyinhloko:
- Bamba iqhaza ezinkambisweni zokuvuselela amandla. I-coenzyme ngokwayo ayibangeli ukuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana okudingekayo emzimbeni; ingena ekwakhiweni kwama-enzyme kanye ne-apoenzyme, futhi kuphela lapho ihlangana, izinqubo zokuqinisa zokubopha ze-substrate zenzeka.
- Umsebenzi wezokuThutha. I-coenzyme ihlangana ne-substrate, okuholela emgudwini oqinile wokuthutha lapho ama-molecule ahamba ngokukhululeka enkabeni yenye i-enzyme.
Onke ama-coenzymes anempahla eyodwa ebalulekile afana ngayo - ayizinhlanganisela ezizinzile ngokushisa, kepha ukusabela kwawo kwamakhemikhali kuhluke kakhulu.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-coenzymes
Ngokuya ngezindlela zokuxhumana ne-apoenzyme, ama-coenzymes ahlukaniswe aba:
- I-Soluble - ngesikhathi sokuphendula, ihlangana ne-enzyme molecule, ngemuva kwalokho iyashintsha ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali iphinde ikhishwe futhi.
- Okuzenzela - kuhlotshaniswa ngokuqinile ne-apoenzyme, lapho kusabela khona kusesikhungweni esisebenzayo se-enzyme. Ukuvuselelwa kwabo kwenzeka lapho kuhlangana nenye i-coenzyme noma i-substrate.
Ngokuya ngesakhiwo sabo samakhemikhali, ama-coenzymes ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:
- aliphatic (glutathione, lipoic acid, njll.)
- i-heterocyclic (i-pyridoxal phosphate, i-tetrahydrofolic acid, i-nucleoside phosphates kanye ne-derivatives yazo (i-CoA, i-FMN, i-FAD, i-NAD, njll.), ama-metalloporphyrin hemes, njll.
- okunephunga elimnandi (ubiquinones).
Ngokusebenzayo, kunamaqembu amabili ama-coenzymes:
- redox,
- ama-coenzymes wokudlulisa iqembu.
Ama-Coenzymes kukhemisi yezemidlalo
Ngokuzivocavoca umzimba ngamandla, kudliwa inani elikhulu lamandla, ukunikezwa kwawo emzimbeni kuyaphela, futhi amavithamini amaningi nezakhamzimba kudliwa ngokushesha okukhulu kunalokho okukhiqizwayo. Abasubathi baba nobuthakathaka emzimbeni, ukukhathala kwemizwa, nokuntuleka kwamandla. Ukuze usize ukugwema izimpawu eziningi, kwenziwe amalungiselelo akhethekile anama-coenzymes ekwakhiweni. Ububanzi besenzo sabo bubanzi kakhulu, babekwa hhayi kubasubathi kuphela, kodwa nakubantu abanezifo ezimbi ngokwanele.
ICocarboxylase
ICoenzyme, eyakhiwa kuphela nge-thiamine engena emzimbeni. Kubasubathi, kusebenza njengezindlela zokuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile kwe-myocardial kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa. Isidakamizwa sinqunyelwe i-radiculitis, i-neuritis, nokuhluleka kwesibindi okunamandla. Ifakwa ngemithambo yegazi, umthamo owodwa akufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-100 mg.
ICobamamide
Ingena esikhundleni sokusebenza kukavithamini B12, iyi-anabolic. Isiza abasubathi ukwakha imisipha, ikhulise ukukhuthazela, ikhuthaze ukululama okusheshayo ngemuva kokuzivocavoca. Kutholakala ngesimo samaphilisi nezixazululo zokuphathwa kwemithambo, isilinganiso sansuku zonke ngamaphilisi ama-3 noma ama-1000 mcg. Isikhathi sesifundo asikho ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-20.
I-Oxycobalamin
Isenzo sayo sifana nevithamini B12, kepha ihlala egazini isikhathi eside futhi isheshe iguqulwe ibe yifomula ye-coenzyme ngenxa yokuxhuma kwayo okuqinile namaprotheni e-plasma.
I-Pyridoxal phosphate
Ukulungiselela kunezici zonke zikavithamini B6. Ihluke kuye ngomphumela osheshayo wokwelapha, kunqunyelwe ukwamukelwa noma ngabe i-pyridoxine phosphorylation iphazamisekile. Kuthathwa kathathu ngosuku, umthamo wansuku zonke awudluli ku-0.06 g, futhi inkambo ayidluli inyanga.
I-Pyriditol
Yenza kusebenze izinqubo ze-metabolic zesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, inyusa amandla e-glucose, ivimbele ukwakheka ngokweqile kwe-lactic acid, inyuse izakhiwo zokuvikela izicubu, kufaka phakathi ukumelana ne-hypoxia, eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa okukhulu kwezemidlalo. Isidakamizwa sithathwa kathathu ngosuku, 0.1 g. ngemuva kokudla kwasekuseni inyanga yonke
I-Pantogam
I-homologue ye-pantothenic acid, isheshisa izinqubo ze-metabolic, inciphisa ukubonakaliswa kokuzwela kobuhlungu, inyusa ukumelana kwamaseli ne-hypoxia. Isenzo somuthi sihlose ukwenza kusebenze umsebenzi wobuchopho, kukhulise ukukhuthazela, kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kusetshenziswe ekulimaleni okubuhlungu kobuchopho ezinhlobonhlobo. Amathebulethi athathwa kungakapheli inyanga, u-0.5 g, angadluli kathathu ngosuku.
Izidumbu
Ikhiqizwa ngesimo somjovo, isenzo saso esihlose ukwenza kusebenze imetabolism yamafutha, kusheshiswe ukuvuselelwa kwamaseli. Inemiphumela ye-anabolic, antihypoxic ne-antithyroid. Kuyinto yokufakelwa esikhundleni sevithamini B6. Isebenza kahle njenge-drip emithanjeni.
I-Flavinate
Yakheka emzimbeni kusuka ku-riboflavin futhi ibandakanyeka kakhulu ku-carbohydrate, lipid kanye ne-amino acid metabolism. Ikhiqizwa ngesimo sesixazululo semijovo ye-intramuscular, ngoba ukumuncwa kwayo esiswini akusebenzi ngokuphula ukumunca kwe-riboflavin.
I-lipoic acid
Ijwayelekile i-carbohydrate metabolism. Kukhuphula izinga lokugcwala kwama-carbohydrate namafutha acid, okufaka isandla ekwandeni kokugcinwa kwamandla.
