I-Glutamic acid - incazelo, izakhiwo, imiyalelo

I-Glutamic (glutamic) acid ingenye yezinhlobo zama-amino acid, okuyiyona ndawo eyinhloko cishe yawo wonke amaprotheni emzimbeni. Kungokwesigaba se- "excitatory" sama-amino acid, isb. ukugqugquzela ukudluliswa kwemizwa yezinzwa isuka enkabeni kuye ohlelweni lwemizwa lomngcele. Emzimbeni, ukuhlushwa kwayo kungu-25% wenani eliphelele lalezi zinto.

Isenzo se-amino acid

I-Glutamic acid inenani lokubandakanyeka ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziningi ezizuzisayo zokulandelela (i-histamine, i-serotonin, i-folic acid). Ngenxa yezindawo zayo zokuqeda ubuthi, le amino acid isiza ekunciphiseni isenzo se-ammonia futhi siyisuse emzimbeni. Ngenxa yokuthi iyingxenye ebalulekile yamaprotheni, ibandakanyeka ekugayeni amandla, i-asidi ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu ababambe iqhaza kwezemidlalo.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-glutamic acid ukusheshisa ukudluliswa kwemizwa yezinzwa ngomphumela othokozisayo kuma-neurons. Ngobuningi obanele, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kobuchopho ngokusheshisa isivinini sezinqubo zokucabanga. Kepha ngokugxila kwayo ngokweqile, amangqamuzana ezinzwa aba nesasasa ngokweqile, okungaholela ekulimaleni nasekufeni kwawo. Ama-Neurons avikelwe yi-neuroglia - anekhono lokumunca ama-molecule e-glutamic acid ngaphandle kokukufaka esikhaleni esiphakathi kwamaseli. Ukuze uvikele ukweqisa izidakamizwa, kufanele ulawule umthamo futhi ungadluli kuwo.

I-Glutamic acid ithuthukisa ukungena kwe-potassium kumaseli wezintambo zemisipha, kufaka phakathi imicu yenhliziyo yemisipha, ethinta ukusebenza kwayo. Yenza kusebenze ikhono lokuzivuselela lezinto zokulandela umkhondo futhi kuvimbele ukuvela kwe-hypoxia.

Okuqukethwe kumikhiqizo

Umzimba uthola i-glutamic acid ekudleni. Kutholakala ekugxileni okuphezulu kakhulu okusanhlamvu, amantongomane (ikakhulukazi amantongomane), kumagundane, imbewu, imikhiqizo yobisi, inyama ezahlukahlukene, okusanhlamvu okungenayo i-gluten ne-gluten.

Emzimbeni osemncane, ophilile, i-glutamic acid eyenziwe ngokudla yanele ukusebenza okujwayelekile. Kodwa ngeminyaka, lapho kukhona izifo ezingamahlalakhona, kanye nemidlalo eqinile, okuqukethwe kwayo kuyancipha futhi umzimba uvame ukudinga imithombo eyengeziwe yale nto.

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Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa

Isenzo se-glutamic acid sibalulekile ekuvikeleni nasekwelapheni izifo ezahlukahlukene zesistimu yezinzwa. Kunqunyelwe izinhlobo ezincane zesifo sokuwa, ukugula kwengqondo, ukukhathala kwemizwa, i-neuropathy, ukucindezeleka, nokuqeda izinkinga ngemuva kokuhlushwa yi-meningitis ne-encephalitis. Kuma-pediatrics, i-glutamic acid isetshenziswa ekwelashweni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-infantile cerebral palsy, isifo sika-Down, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kanye ne-poliomyelitis.

Ukwenza umsebenzi obucayi womzimba ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu, kusetshenziswa njengengxenye yokubuyisela esimweni.

Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa

Abantu abadala bathatha igremu elilodwa hhayi kathathu ngosuku. Umthamo wezingane uncike kubudala:

• Kuze kube unyaka - 100 mg.
• Kuze kube yiminyaka emibili - 150 mg.
• Iminyaka engu-3-4 - 250 mg
• Iminyaka 5-6 - 400 mg.
• Iminyaka engu-7-9 ubudala - 500-1000 mg.
• Iminyaka engu-10 nangaphezulu - 1000 mg.

I-Glutamic acid kwezemidlalo

I-Glutamic acid ingenye yezakhi zokudla okunempilo. Siyabonga ngakho, kukhiqizwa amanye ama-amino acid amaningi nezinto zokulandela umkhondo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokushoda kohlobo oluthile lwezinto emzimbeni, bayakwazi ukuhlanganiswa nabanye, okuqukethwe okuphezulu njengamanje. Le mpahla isetshenziswa ngabasubathi lapho izinga lomthwalo liphezulu kakhulu, futhi kutholakale amaprotheni amancane ekudleni. Kulokhu, i-glutamic acid iyabandakanyeka enkambisweni yokwabiwa kabusha kwe-nitrogenous futhi isiza ukusebenzisa amaprotheni aqukethwe ngobuningi obanele ekwakhiweni kwezitho zangaphakathi ekwakheni nasekulungiseni amangqamuzana e-fiber fiber.

Lapho umgijimi ethatha umthwalo omningi, kwakheka izinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni wakhe, kufaka phakathi i-ammonia eyingozi kakhulu. Ngenxa yekhono layo lokunamathisela kulo ama-molecule e-ammonia, i-glutamic acid iyayisusa emzimbeni, ivimbele imiphumela yayo eyingozi.

I-amino acid iyakwazi ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-lactate, edala ubuhlungu bemisipha ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla okukhulu kwemisipha ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-acid ye-glutamic iguqulwa kalula ibe yi-glucose, engantuleka kubasubathi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.

Izimo

I-Glutamic acid akufanele ingezwe ekudleni lapho:

• izifo zezinso nesibindi;
• isilonda peptic;
• imfiva;
• injabulo enkulu;
• ukungasebenzi kahle;
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile;
• izifo zezitho ze-hematopoietic.

Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo

• Ukuphazamiseka kokulala.
• Isikhumba.
• Ukusabela okweqile.
• Isisu esibuhlungu.
• Kwehle amazinga e-hemoglobin.
• Ukwenyuka kwesasasa.

I-Glutamic acid ne-glutamine

Amagama alezi zinto ezimbili ayafana kakhulu, kepha anezici nemiphumela efanayo? Akunjalo Empeleni. I-Glutamic acid ihlanganiswe yaba yi-glutamine, nguyena ongumthombo wamandla nengxenye ebalulekile yamaseli emisipha, isikhumba nezicubu ezixhuma. Uma ingekho i-glutamic acid eyanele emzimbeni, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-glutamine akwenzeki ngenani elidingekayo, futhi lokhu okugcina kuqala ukukhiqizwa kusuka kwezinye izinto, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka kumaprotheni. Lokhu kuholela ekushodeni kwamaprotheni kumaseli, okuholela esikhunjeni esikhulayo kanye nokwehla kwesisindo semisipha.

Uma sikhuluma ngezici ezihlukile ze-glutamine ne-glutamic acid, lapho-ke singakwazi ukubona umehluko olandelayo:

1. i-glutamine iqukethe i-molecule ye-nitrogen ekwakhekeni kwayo kwamakhemikhali futhi inomphumela wokuvuselela, ikhulisa isisindo semisipha, kuyilapho i-glutamic acid ingenayo i-nitrogen futhi umphumela wayo uyakhuthaza;
2. i-glutamic acid ithengiswa ezitolo zemithi kuphela ngefomu lephilisi, kuyilapho i-glutamine ingathengwa nge-powder, tablet noma nge-capsule form;
3. isilinganiso se-glutamine sincike esisindweni somzimba futhi sithathwa ngesilinganiso esingu-0.15 g kuye ku-0.25 g ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo, futhi i-glutamic acid ithathwa i-1 g ngosuku;
4. okubhekiswe kakhulu ku-glutamic acid yisistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi enazo zonke izinto zayo, futhi i-glutamine inomphumela omuhle hhayi kuphela ohlelweni lwezinzwa - idlala indima ebalulekile ekubuyiseni amaseli wezicubu zemisipha kanye nokuxhuma, ikhuthaza ukuwohloka kwamafutha futhi ivimbele i-catabolism.

Ngaphandle komehluko obhalwe ngenhla, lezi zinto zixhunyaniswe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa - ukuthatha i-glutamic acid kwandisa ukuhlushwa kwe-glutamine.

Bukela ividiyo: Lecture 36: Glutamic Acid Production (Novemba 2024).