Amavithamini ayiqembu elibanzi lama-organic compounds wezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, kepha ahlanganiswe yinto eyodwa ejwayelekile - umzimba kufanele uthole lezi zinto ngokudla, ngoba ukuhlangana kwawo okuzimele akunakwenzeka. Lezi zinhlanganisela zifaka i-folic acid - i-vitamin B9, i-folacin, ethatha ingxenye ebonakalayo kuzinqubo ze-metabolic, ngakho-ke, ukuntuleka kwayo noma ngokweqile kuholela ezinqubweni ezahlukahlukene zokugula. I-Folic acid isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa, kanye nemithi yezemidlalo.
Sibutsetelo se-Vitamin
Ngokokuqala ngqá, ivithamini latholakala ngesikhathi kufundwa ama-microorganisms. USnell noPeterson baqaphele ukuthi amabhaktheriya adinga uhlobo oluthile lwenhlanganisela ukuze ikhule futhi izalane, etholakala esipinashi. IVitamin B9 ibizwa nge-folic acid ngoba ukutholakala kwayo kuhlotshaniswa nesitshalo esiluhlaza: "folium" - iqabunga.
I-compound iyingxenye yama-enzyme amaningi, ngaleyo ndlela ibambe iqhaza ekuphenduleni komzimba. Umsebenzi obalulekile we-folic acid ukulawula ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwamaseli. Njenge-coenzyme, i-compound ibamba iqhaza ekuhlanganisweni kwama-molecule e-DNA, okuyi-thymidine. Lo msebenzi ufakazelwe esibonelweni sokukhula kokukhula kwamagciwane lapho i-asidi ingezwa endaweni yesiko.
I-Folic acid inomthelela omkhulu emsebenzini womnkantsha wamathambo, umsebenzi omkhulu wayo ukwakheka kwegazi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezakhi ezintsha zegazi kungenxa yokuhlukaniswa okusheshayo nokukhula kwamaseli. Ukuze kwenziwe inkambo evamile yalezi zinqubo, kudingeka uvithamini B9, ngoba into ibandakanyeka ekwakheni ama-nucleotide nokuphindaphindeka kwe-DNA.
Igama elidumile lesithako esithi "uvithamini wesifazane" libonisa omunye umsebenzi obalulekile - i-folic acid ngenani elikhuphukile liyadingeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengoba kuqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile kwamaseli ombungu nokukhula kwawo. Ucwaningo oluningi lwemitholampilo lukhombisile ukuthi iqembu lokugxila labesifazane be-postmenopausal abanamazinga ajwayelekile evithamini yegazi banengozi ephansi kancane yokuthola umdlavuza webele. Ngakho-ke, kukholelwa ukuthi i-folic acid ivikela ukwakheka kwama-neoplasms amabi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-compound inomphumela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwendlela yokugaya ukudla, ikhuthaza ukumuncwa nokucutshungulwa kwamafutha nama-carbohydrate. Uvithamini ubamba iqhaza ezinqubweni ze-metabolic zamaseli wesistimu yezinzwa. I-Folic acid inomphumela we-angioprotective, okungukuthi, ivikela imithambo yegazi emonakalweni ehlukahlukene, inciphisa ubungozi besifo senhliziyo nezinye izifo.
I-Vitamin B9 njenge-coenzyme yenza kusebenze ukukhiqizwa kwe-serotonin, ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka kuba nezinkinga zokudangala, odokotela bengqondo banquma ukungenisa okuyinkimbinkimbi kochungechunge olukhulu lwezidakamizwa ne-folic acid.
Uvithamini uvame ukusetshenziswa ngabasubathi ukukhulisa ukukhula kwemisipha, ukugcina ukusebenza kwesistimu yezinzwa, nokunciphisa ukukhathala.
Imikhuba
Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba awukwazi ukuhlanganisa i-folic acid wedwa, ukudla kwansuku zonke ngokudla kuyadingeka. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zidinga ama-mcg angama-50 ngosuku, ngonyaka isibalo sikhuphukela ku-70 mcg, ngamahlanu - kufika ku-100 mcg. Kusukela eminyakeni eyi-11 kuya kwengu-12, ingane idinga ama-200 mcg. Okuvamile kumuntu omdala kungu-400 mcg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, isidingo sanda ngo-200 mcg, okungukuthi, owesifazane udinga ama-600 mcg, futhi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa - 500 mcg.
Imikhiqizo
Emuva eminyakeni yama-20 yekhulu elidlule, kwaqashelwa ukuthi ukwelashwa kokudla, okubandakanya imvubelo nesibindi, kwelapha iziguli ezine-megaloblastic anemia. Ucwaningo lwesimanje lukhombe ngokuthembekile ukudla okuqukethe inani eliphakeme kakhulu le-folacin:
- izithelo nezinto ezivela kuzo, ikakhulukazi izithelo ezisawolintshi;
- imifino - amahlumela aseBrussels, isipinashi nokunye ukudla okuluhlaza okunemibala ecebile;
- izitshalo zokusanhlamvu;
- amakinati, imikhiqizo yemifino evela kubhontshisi nophizi;
- isibindi senkomo.
Izithasiselo
Ukufakwa okungeziwe kwe-folic acid emzimbeni kunganikezwa ngokuthatha izidakamizwa ezikhethekile. Uma umuntu engenalo ithuba lokulandela ukudla okunothiswe ngokudla okunevithamini B9 eningi, odokotela batusa ukuthatha izakhi zamavithamini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-folic acid zinqunywa njenge-prophylaxis noma njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuphelele kwezifo zomgudu wamathumbu, umnkantsha naphakathi nokukhulelwa. Njengomthetho, ngokudla okulungile kukavithamini, ukusabela okungathandeki akubonwa. Ukweqisa izidakamizwa kuboniswa isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, ukunambitheka kwensimbi emlonyeni, ukuphazamiseka komchamo, ukukhathazeka, ukuqwasha nezinye izimpawu.
Imiphumela yokweqisa, ukuntuleka
Ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, kokubili u-hypo- ne-hypervitaminosis kungenzeka emzimbeni. Womabili la ma-pathologies abonakala ngokwakhiwa kwesimpawu esithile esiyinkimbinkimbi, futhi futhi abeka ingozi emzimbeni wonkana.
Inani elinganele le-folacin egazini livela:
- Ngokumelene nesizinda sendlala noma ukondleka okungafani okwanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphuza into kukhawulelwe yisici sokudla, ukusetshenziswa okungajwayelekile kwemifino, imifino nezithelo.
- Ngenxa yokwelashwa kokushisa kokudla. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukudla okuningi kuza ngendlela esetshenzisiwe, izinga levithamini B9 egazini liyancipha. Lesi simo singenxa yokungazinzi kwesakhiwo se-folic acid lapho sivezwa amazinga okushisa, okungukuthi, ivithamini liyabhujiswa.
- Ngenxa yokwephulwa kokumuncwa kwayo. Ukungena kwento kwenzeka emathunjini amancane. Ezinye izifo ziholela ekunciphiseni kokusebenza kwamathumbu, ngenxa yalokho ukungena kwe-folacin ngokusebenzisa ama-enterocyte egazini kunciphisa. I-Hypovitaminosis ivela ngemuva kwesifo sikaCrohn, i-ulcerative colitis.
- Ngenxa ye-dysbiosis. Okunye okwakhiwe kusakhishwa yi-microflora yamathumbu. Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwama-antibiotic isikhathi eside noma ukugula kwangaphambilini, ibhalansi yama-microorganisms anenzuzo ingaphazamiseka, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwento kuzoncipha.
Ukuntuleka kukavithamini B9 kubonakala ngokuphula i-hematopoiesis ngendlela ye-megaloblastic anemia. Ngesifo, amangqamuzana amakhulu egazi e-megaloblast avela egazini ngokuhambisana nokwehla okujwayelekile kwenani lama-erythrocyte ajwayelekile. Isimo se-pathological sihambisana nokukhathala okusheshayo, ukuphazamiseka kwesitulo, i-achilia esiswini, ukuvela kokuphikiswa kokudla kwenyama, ukuthuthukiswa kolimi lwe-Hunter's atrophic - izimpawu eziningi, kufaka phakathi imizwa engathandeki esithweni semisipha, ushintsho ekunambithekeni nasekubonakaleni kolwelwesi lwamafinyila njengokuthi "ulimi olunamafutha" Umphumela wokuqhubekela phambili kwesifo yi-myelosis ye-funicular, ebonakala ngokungahambi kahle, imizwa yezinzwa engathandeki ebusweni besikhumba, ubuthakathaka nokuncipha kokuzwela kwemikhawulo.
Ukuncipha kokuhlushwa kwe-folic acid nakho kuholela ekubonakaleni kwezinwele ezimpunga, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuphuphunyelwa yizisu.
Ekhulwini lama-21, i-hypovitaminosis ayivamile neze. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthuthuka okubanzi kwekhwalithi yempilo. Inkomba yokuthatha i-vitamin B9 ukuvimbela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-fetus ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanye nokuntuleka okubonakalayo kwenkompo.
Hypervitaminosis eba uvithamini. Kulokhu, ukulimala kwezinso, uhlelo lwezinzwa, umgudu wamathumbu kwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-folacin ezifundweni zokwelashwa kukhombisile ukwehla komsebenzi wamaseli we-NK, amaseli wemvelo abulala amasosha omzimba. Lezi zingxenye zokuzivikela zomzimba zibonisa umphumela we-antitumor, ngakho-ke, i-hypervitaminosis yandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza.
Ukuphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwe-folacin ukwelashwa ngama-cytostatics noma ama-anticonvulsants, kanye nokungabekezelelani ngakunye kwezakhi zomuthi.
Ukusebenzisana nezinye izinto
I-folic acid ithinta isenzo sezidakamizwa ze-cytostatic. Ummeleli ovame kakhulu waleli qembu lezemithi yiMethotrexate. I-ejenti isebenza ngokuhlukanisa amaseli ngokushesha, inciphisa ukusebenza kwamaseli omzimba. Umuthi unqunyelwe ukwelashwa komdlavuza nezinye izifo. Indlela yokusebenza isuselwa ekwephuleni i-folic acid metabolism, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla komsebenzi wokwehlukaniswa kwamaseli we-atypical. Ukuphathwa ngasikhathi sinye kweMethotrexate ngamavithamini B9 amazinga we-antitumor effect. Ngakho-ke, i-folic acid inokuhambisana okungalungile nama-cytostatics.
Eminye imithi esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela nokwelapha umalaleveva iphazamisa imetabolism yomzimba ye-pathogen. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ukuphuza i-vithamini kanye nemithi ngesikhathi esisodwa akunconywa, kepha ngemuva kwendlela yokwelashwa, ukuntuleka kwesakhi kufanele kugcwaliswe.
Ukuthatha i-anticonvulsant therapy lapho kukhona isifo sokuwa noma ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunciphisa ukugxila kwe-folacin.
B9 yabesilisa
Ngaphansi kwethonya le-folacin, kwenzeka okuningi kokuthayipha kwe-carbohydrate, amafutha namaprotheni, okubalulekile emadodeni abandakanyeka kwezemidlalo.
I-Vitamin B9 ithinta ukusebenza kwesistimu yezinzwa. Ukushoda kwento kuholela ekukhuleni okukhulayo, ukucasuka, kanye nokuphazamiseka kokucindezeleka. Indoda ingabonisa ukuhlukumeza ngokumelene nesizinda sokuntuleka kwamavithamini.
Ngokwandisa ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana abulalayo wemvelo, i-folacin ivimbela ukutheleleka ngegciwane nokwakheka kwamaseli amabi abulalayo.
Ngokuqala kokuthomba kubafana, i-folic acid iyabandakanyeka enqubweni yesidoda, okudingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kohlelo lokuzala.
I-folic acid yabesifazane
Ukuhlanganiswa okujwayelekile kwe-folate kubaluleke kakhulu kwabesifazane. Ngesikhathi sokuhlela ukukhulelwa, odokotela bancoma ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi kokuqukethwe kwevithamini. Ukushoda kungaholela ekuphuphumeni kwesisu. Njenge-prophylaxis yezifo zokuzala, odokotela besifazane babeka i-folic acid lapho kwenzeka ukukhulelwa, ngoba owesifazane osesimweni udinga ama-mcg angama-200 ngaphezulu. Le nto ithathwa ngokwemiyalo. Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile mayelana nokuphepha kwamavithamini, ukweqisa izidakamizwa kungaholela emiphumeleni engathandeki. Isikhathi ukusetshenziswa eziyinkimbinkimbi kuncike ezingeni folacin egazini.
Ucwaningo lwe-BioCycle lwango-2005-2007 luthole ukuthi abesifazane abanokudla okwanele kukavithamini B9 babe nengozi encishisiwe yokugcotshwa ngenxa yokwanda okulingene kwe-hormone progesterone. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani elinyukile le-folacin egazini le-serum yegazi labesifazane be-postmenopausal lenyusa izingozi zokuba nomdlavuza webele, njengoba kunciphisa ukusebenza kwamaseli okubulala emvelo.
Isicelo kwezemidlalo
UVitamin B9 usetshenziselwa ezemidlalo zobuchwepheshe uku:
- Umsebenzi ozinzile we-hematopoiesis. Inani elijwayelekile lamaseli abomvu ligcwalisa ngokuphelele izidingo zethishu lomoya, livimbela i-hypoxia, ngenxa yalokho izinqubo eziyinhloko zomzimba, kufaka phakathi ukukhula kwemisipha, ezisheshayo.
- Ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kobuchopho, ukugcina impilo yomzwelo.
- Ukujwayelekile kokusebenza komgudu wokugaya ukudla.
- Yilwa nokukhathala. Ukuthatha izakhiwo eziqukethe i-folic acid kukuvumela ukuthi usheshise izinqubo zokulungiswa kwezicubu ngemuva kokuzikhandla okukhulu komzimba.
Abasubathi abangochwepheshe bahlala beqapha okuqukethwe uvithamini B9 egazini, ngoba ukungabi bikho kwento kungaholela ekwehleni komkhiqizo wokuqeqesha kanye nokuwohloka kwemiphumela yomncintiswano.
Izici Zokuncipha
Njengoba i-folic acid isheshisa ukonakala kwama-carbohydrate namafutha, isetshenziselwa ukwehlisa isisindo ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, ukuthatha i-folacin kukodwa ngeke kuveze imiphumela ebonakalayo. Okokuqala, odokotela bancoma ukuthi bahlolwe ngokuphelele ukuze kutholakale izimbangela zokuzuza ngokweqile. Uma isici esiyinhloko se-etiological yindlela yokuphila yokuhlala kanye nokudla okunomsoco, uchwepheshe uzokhipha, ngaphezu kwezinyathelo eziyinhloko, ukudla i-vitamin B9. Imfihlo yokwehlisa isisindo ilele ekususeni imbangela yokwehliswa kwesisindo ngokweqile, kanye nangendlela ehlanganisiwe.
