Indlovukazi yezemidlalo yezokusubatha, emelwe kabanzi yimikhakha yezwe lonke, enye yazo ethole igama lesiNgisi kuphela elithi "steeple-chaz". Umuntu angaqagela kalula ukuthi iNgilandi yaba yindawo yokuzalwa.
Kuyini ukujaha okunamaphiko
Umlando
Ngo-1850, umfundi wase-Oxford, owabamba iqhaza emijahweni yamahhashi eyanyuka inyoka, waphakamisa ukuthi kwehliswe (ukusuka ebangeni elingu-4 kuye ku-2 miles) bese eyiqhuba ngezinyawo. Lo mbono wagxila futhi kusukela ngo-1879 eGreat Britain baqala ukubamba ubuqhawe bamazwe (kusukela ngo-1936 eRussia).
Kulezi zinsuku
I-steeplechase yanamuhla umjaho wezithiyo ezingama-3000m (kuvunyelwe "inguqulo efinyeziwe" - 2000m yezinga lentsha nemincintiswano yendawo). Ngokwokwahlukaniswa, kuyibanga elijwayelekile. Ngenxa yokucaciswa kwayo, ibanjwa kuphela ngenkathi yehlobo ezinkundleni ezivulekile. Kusukela ngo-1920 ubeyilungu lohlelo lwe-Olympic (lwabesifazane kusukela ngo-2008). Kucatshangelwa, kanye nemijaho engama-800 m no-1500 m, umbono omangalisa kakhulu.
Izici zemithetho
Isidingo sokunqoba izithiyo ezithile zokwenziwa ngesikhathi somjaho senze izinguquko emithethweni yokuhlelela umncintiswano. Isivivinyo esikhohlisayo kunazo zonke - ukweqa phezu komgodi onamanzi (366x366 cm, ukujula kusuka ku-76 cm kwehlela ku-0 ekugcineni komgodi) kuyiswe engxenyeni ehlukile egobeni. Izithiyo (ukuphakama u-0.914 m wamadoda no-0.762 m wabesifazane) ezinesisindo esisuka ku-80 kuye ku-100 kg zilungiswe ngokuqinile (ngokungafani ne-sprint), okwenza kube lula ukubahlasela ngosizo (indlela "yokugxuma").
Ububanzi obuncane obungu-3.96 m "buhlanganisa" amathrekhi engaphakathi angama-3 ukunciphisa ubungozi bokushayisana, yize ukuxhumana okuncane kuvunyelwe. Sekukonke, kubekwe izithiyo ezinhlanu zama-equidistant embuthanweni, kanti owesine uphambi komgodi onamanzi.
Kuvunyelwe ukungena emanzini, kepha njalo ngaphezulu kokuqagela okunemibandela okuvundlile kweziqongqo zezithiyo, kungenjalo umhlanganyeli uzokhishwa. Inani eliphelele lezithiyo ezingama-28, imigodi enamanzi - 7 (kuma-3000 m, ku-2000 m - ngokulandelana nge-18 no-5).
Indawo yokuqala ukwenyuka kwezinyawo ihlukile kunendawo yokuqala ku-3000m run ebushelelezi ngoba ucabangela ukugijimela kuthrekhi, lapho kufakwa khona umgodi onamanzi (isiqalo senziwa ohlangothini olubhekene nesiphetho). Izikhundla zokuqala zinqunywa ngokwenza inkatho noma kucatshangelwe indawo ethathwe ngumsubathi ezigabeni ezedlule zomncintiswano.
Ngokungafani ne-sprint iqala ukusuka esimweni esiphansi, ukugoqa umgwaqo kuqala kusuka endaweni ephakeme ngokusheshisa ukuthatha isikhundla endaweni engaphakathi. Isiphetho silungiswe ngendlela ejwayelekile, ngokuya ngesimo somzimba. Ukuqala okungamanga akuvamile, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuqalwa okunzima kwe-IAAF (International Athletics Federation).
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Ngokungafani ne-sprint iqala ukusuka esimweni esiphansi, ukugoqa umgwaqo kuqala kusuka endaweni ephakeme ngokusheshisa ukuthatha isikhundla endaweni engaphakathi. Ukuqala okungamanga akuvamile, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuqalwa okunzima kwe-IAAF (International Athletics Federation).
Izici zobuchwepheshe
Ukucaciswa kwalolu hlobo lokugijima kwethula izidingo ezingeziwe enqubweni yokufunda amakhono obuchwepheshe. Ohlelweni olwamukelwa ngokujwayelekile lokuqeqesha abagijimi bamabanga aphakathi, umsebenzi wengezwa enqubeni ye- "hurdler", nayo ehluke kakhulu kwi-sprint hurint.
Lapho kukhethwa indlela "yokuhlasela kwesithiyo" (isinyathelo nge-swoop noma ngokunyathela isithiyo), kubhekwa idatha ye-anthropometric kanye namandla okuhlanganisa womsubathi, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukala kahle isakhiwo sokunyakaza futhi, ngalokho, konga ukulahleka kuzithiyo. Inqubo ephumelelayo "ingasusa" ngaphezu kwesekhondi elingu-10
Kukhona futhi ama-nuances ezindleleni "zokubhekana nesithiyo samanzi". Lapha kuyadingeka ukwenza imizamo ekhethekile yokuphusha ibha, umhlaba ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ungangeni ekujuleniingxenye. Inketho engcono kakhulu ukukhulisa isivinini esingu-10-15m ngaphambi kwesithiyo.
Izisekelo zokugijima bushelelezi zigijinywa ngamasu ajwayelekile wokugijima amabanga amade. Isici esihlukile ngumsebenzi owengeziwe ezintweni ezihlobene nesigqi sokugijima "esinamahloni" semvelo engeyona eyeqhinga - ukukhethwa komlenze wokudlikiza, ukusuka, isigaba sendiza.
Ukuzivocavoca ngokuzivocavoca nokujwayelekile akuhlukile emisebenzini ebhekene nabagijimi bebanga eliphakathi.
Ukukhuthazela ngejubane kudlala indima enkulu ekuqineni komzimba. Enqubeni yokuqeqesha esigabeni sokulungiselela, le khwalithi ikhuliswa ngemithwalo ezimeni ze-aerobic (cishe i-80% yesikhathi).
Ukukhethwa nokuqaliswa kwamasu weqhinga kuncike ezimeni eziningi, ngokwesibonelo:
- izinga lamakhono lomdlali nabancintisana nabo;
- isilinganiso somncintiswano;
- umsebenzi (ukufeza umphumela omkhulu ngesikhathi, ukuwina umjaho, ukufinyelela esigabeni esilandelayo, ukuhlola ukulungela ukusebenza, ukwenza amaqhinga amasha);
- uhlobo lokumbozwa kwethrekhi;
- indawo yesimo sezulu (ukuphakama ngaphezu kolwandle).
Amarekhodi nabaphethe amarekhodi
Ukuqoshwa komhlaba kwabesilisa kungokwalabo USaif Said Shahin (Qatar) - 7: 53.63 amaminithi futhi yafakwa ku-03.09.2004 eBrussels (eBelgium).
Kubesifazane, ophethe amarekhodi emhlabeni ngu URuth Jebet waseBahrain - 8: 52.78 (27.08.2016, eSaint-Denis, eFrance).
Amarekhodi e-Olympic: Abesilisa - Conseslus Kipruto (Kenya) 8: 03.28, 08/17/2016, eRio de Janeiro, eBrazil. Abesifazane - Gulnara Galkina-Samitova (Russia) 8: 58.81, 17.08.2008, Beijing, China.
Irekhodi laseYurophu: abesilisa - 8: 04.95 min., abesifazane - 8: 58.81 min.
Ezingeni lanamuhla lomhlaba, izikhundla eziholayo ziphethwe abamele iKenya yabesilisa neRussia yabesifazane.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Emjahweni wokubaleka ngezinyawo abasubathi basebenzisa uhlobo olukhethekile lwamateku “aphusha” umswakama. Ngokucabanga ukuthi emncintiswaneni kufanele ucwile emanzini ama-7, noma ngabe kunesimo sezulu esomile, izicathulo ezinjalo ziyasiza impela. Abanye abasubathi base-Afrika baxazulula le nkinga kalula - bagijima bengafake zicathulo.
Kuma-Olimpiki ka-1932. ELos Angeles kube nesigameko sokufuna ukwazi: ijaji lalilandela eduze i-American discus thrower futhi laphazanyiswa emisebenzini yalo eyinhloko, eyathinta ngqo ababambe iqhaza kulo mjaho - bagijimela ithanga elengeziwe.
Izingxenye zokwenza kahle ngempumelelo kolunye lwezinhlobo ezinzima kakhulu zemikhakha yokugijima, okwaziwa nge-steeplechase, yilezi:
- Amandla okunqoba ukucindezeleka okukhulu komzimba
- Ukudidiyela okuphezulu kokunyakaza
- Ukugxila kokunakwa
- Amandla okushintsha phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomthwalo
- Ukubalwa kwamandla nokuthatha izinqumo ngokushesha
Kunconywa ukuthi uhlanganyele kulolu hlobo lwezemidlalo kuphela ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa kokuqala ngokomzimba nangokhethekile. Ukugijimela epaki nakumasteplechase stand ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene.
