Ukulimala okunjalo kunwebeka noma ukudabuka kwemisipha noma izicubu ezixhumanayo lapho kwakhiwa khona imisipha nemisipha. Ukuzikhandla okukhulu nokukhanya, kepha ukunyakaza okungazelelwe kuholela ekulimaleni. Ngenxa yokuqina okunamandla kwemisipha, imisipha kanye nemicu yemisipha, izinyembezi azivamile kuneziqubu.
Ukwelula nezinyembezi
Ngokwemvelo, ukwelulwa kungukukhala okuncane kwemicu ngenkathi kugcinwa ubuqotho besicubu somzimba. Ekuqhekekeni, ubuqotho be-anatomical buyaphulwa. Ngokuya nge-ICD-10, womabili la ma-pathologies anekhodi engu-S86.1.
Ngohlobo lwezintambo ezilimele, ukwehliswa kuyabonakala:
- imisipha;
- imigqa;
- imisipha.
Ukulimala ngasikhathi sinye kulezi zinhlaka ezingenhla kungenzeka. Uphawu lwe-pathognomonic lwe-sprain umuzwa wokungazinzile eqakaleni kanye nokuma kwawo okungalungile lapho uhamba.
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Izizathu
Ku-etiology yokuhlukumezeka, indima eholayo ingeyemfundo yomzimba:
- ukugijima nokuhamba ngokushesha;
- izivivinyo ze-dumbbell;
- ukudlala ithenisi, i-volleyball noma i-basketball;
- ukukhuphuka kwamatshe noma ukweqa usuka endaweni ephakeme;
- ukuzivocavoca umzimba.
Ukuhlukumezeka kwenzeka lapho:
- imithwalo ende kanye / noma eyeqile (ukwelulwa kwe-pathognomonic yama-shin ligaments);
- ukuwa;
- ukweqa (kaningi kukhona ukuqhekeka kwemisipha yomlenze ongezansi);
- ukushaqeka okuvela phansi;
- ukuhlukaniswa kwejoyini leqakala (imvamisa kuhambisana nokuqhekeka okuphelele kwemisipha);
- imihuzuko ngemuva komlenze (shaya emsipheni wethole).
Ukusebenza ngokweqile ne-hypothermia kufaka isandla ekulimaleni kwemisipha kanye ne-ligament.
Ukwelula nokudwengula izimpawu, ubukhali
Imvamisa, isiguli sizwa izinyembezi, kulandele ubuhlungu obukhulu. Ukunyakaza ngemuva kokulimala kukhawulelwe kakhulu. Endaweni yokwelula, i-edema nokuphuma kwegazi kungavela. Lapho welula, ukubonakaliswa kumiswa kungakapheli amasonto ayi-1-2. Uma kwenzeka ukuqhuma kwezicubu zemisipha - kungakapheli izinyanga ezimbili.
Kwezokwelapha, kunezigaba ezintathu zobunzima:
- ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo, obuhlungu, kukhona ukuqhekeka okuncane kwemicu yemisipha (morphologically enqunywa ngomonakalo ongaphansi kuka-25%);
- ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukuvuvukala kulungisiwe endaweni yokulimala, kunzima ukuhamba ngenxa yesifo esibuhlungu kakhulu, kukhona ukuqhekeka kwengxenye yemicu yemisipha (25-75% ijwayele ukuqhekeka);
- kubonakaliswa ubuhlungu, kunezibonakaliso zokuqhekeka okuphelele kwezicubu zemisipha, ukuzinza kwejoyinti le-ankle nemisipha yalo akuthintekile ukwenza isivumelwano (i-75-100% ye-myofibrils ilimele).
Ngokubonakaliswa kwezimpawu ngesikhathi sokulimala, kunesizathu sokucabanga ngokuqhekeka kwemisipha. Ngokwelula, izimpawu zomonakalo zivela ngemuva kwesikhathi esibambezelekile, ezilinganiswe ngamahora.
Abangane abaningi bomonakalo yilezi:
- ukuvuvukala kwendawo elimele;
- i-hematoma endaweni eyonakele;
- umsindo ojwayelekile ngesikhathi sokulimala.
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Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngesisekelo seqoqo le-anamnesis (ukuqinisekiswa kweqiniso lokulimala), idatha yokuhlolwa komzimba kanye nemiphumela yezifundo zomculo:
- I-X-ray - ukukhipha ukuphuka noma imifantu emathanjeni omlenze ongezansi;
- I-Ultrasound - ukuqinisekisa ukulimala kwezicubu ezithambile: ukuzelula noma ukudwengula;
- I-MRI (noma i-CT) iyindlela eyengeziwe yokuthola ukucacisa okuphezulu esetshenziswa ezimweni ezingabazisayo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuhlinza
Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kusetshenziselwa ukuqhuma kwemisipha okuphelele okutholakele. Indlela yokuhlinzwa ivumela:
- ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuvuselelwa;
- ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwemisipha okungenzeka;
- ukukhipha ukwakheka kwesibazi eseqile (imisipha edabukile iyaphilisa ngokwakhiwa kwezicubu ezibomvu).
Usizo lokuqala lwezinhlungu, ukwelashwa ekhaya
Ukwelulwa kwemisipha yemilenze, kanye nokuqhekeka kwemisipha, kungaphakathi kwamandla we-traumatologists, ngakho-ke, ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela emibi engaba khona, isisulu kufanele sikhonjiswe kuchwepheshe okhethekile.
Ngokuya esibhedlela, ukwelashwa kuvunyelwe uma kunezimpawu zokwelula:
- ukulondolozwa kwemisebenzi yomlenze;
- ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo.
Iqakala akufanele ligcwale ngokweqile. Ngemuva kokuthola ukulimala, kufanele anikezwe ukuphumula okungenani amahora angama-48, ukukulungisa ngebhandishi elinwebekayo nokunikeza isikhundla esiphakeme. Uma kunesidingo, izinduku zingasetshenziselwa ukunyakaza.
Ukuze ulawule i-edema, iqhwa elomile (esikhwameni esisongwe ngendwangu) kufanele lisetshenziswe endaweni elimele izinsuku ezi-2 imizuzu engama-20 njalo ngamahora ama-4. Ngosuku 3, kufanele uyeke ukusebenzisa ukucindezela. Kusukela ngosuku lwe-4, shintshela ekucindezelweni okufudumele nakumabhavu (ukuze uvuselele ukuhlelwa kabusha).
Ngokuzikhethela, ngokuncoma kukadokotela, ungasebenzisa ama-NSAID (izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala - i-Diclofenac, i-Ibuprofen), kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwamafutha (i-Traumeel, i-Apizartron, i-Voltaren emulgel, i-Viprosal, i-gel ye-Ketonal).
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Amakhambi abantu
Ekhaya kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha asuselwa ku-yolk. Ukwakhiwa kufaka isipuni esisodwa sensipho yokuwasha, izipuni ezimbili zamanzi ne-yolk eyodwa. Ukumiswa okuholelekile kusongwe nge-gauze futhi kwafakwa endaweni yomonakalo. Ukucindezela kulungiswa ngebhandeshi. Kunconywa ukukwenza nsuku zonke. Isikhathi sokufaka isicelo osifunayo asikho ngaphezu kwehora.
Phakathi kwezitshalo zokwelapha kusiza:
- amaqabunga we-plantain;
- ijusi le-elderberry;
- uwoyela kagamthilini;
- i-aloe leaf pulp.
I-ethanol, i-vodka, ubumba noma i-puff pastry isetshenziswa njengokucindezela ukufudumala. Ukulungiselela ama-lotions odakeni, i-100 g yento eyimpuphu ixutshwe nezipuni eziyi-5 ze-apula cider uviniga futhi ihlanjululwe ngamanzi kuze kutholakale ukumiswa okufana. Ukwakheka okufakwayo kusetshenziswa endaweni eyonakalisiwe futhi kumbozwe izicubu. Isikhathi sokugcotshwa cishe cishe ihora.
Ukulungiswa kokulimala kwe-shin
Isikhathi sokutakula sinqunywa ubunzima benguquko futhi imvamisa sithatha isonto eli-1 liye ezinyangeni ezi-2. Amasu wokuvuselela asungulwa ngudokotela ohambele esivumelwaneni ne-physiotherapist kanye nomqeqeshi wezokwelapha.
Sebenzisa:
- massage wendawo imisipha ezilimele;
- i-magnetotherapy, i-diadynamic therapy, i-ultrasound, i-laser therapy;
- ukuthepha - ukusetshenziswa kwesichibi esinwebekayo ebusweni bangemuva bomlenze ongezansi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunwebeka kwezicubu zemisipha;
- umzimba we-physiotherapy:
- ukuhamba;
- ukuphakamisa umlenze obuhlungu kuzwane wonyawo.
Ngokuya ngobukhulu, baqala ukuvuselelwa, kusukela ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kwezi-7 ngemuva kokulimala.
Ukubuyela ekuqeqeshweni okugcwele kungenzeka kuphela ngokungabikho okuphelele kwama-myalgias nokungahambi kahle.
Ukuvimbela ukulimala
Ukuvimbela ukwelula nokudabula imicu yemisipha kwehla ukuqinisa i-corset yemisipha ngokuqeqeshwa okujwayelekile. Kubalulekile ukuzinqumela ngokwakho izinga lengcindezi lapho umzimba uzizwa ukhululekile khona. Udokotela wezokwelapha angasiza ngalokhu.
Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa nezemidlalo, kukhonjiswa ukuthi ukufudumeza okukhethekile imisipha kwenziwa izinqubo ezihlose ukulungisa imisipha yemithwalo ebucayi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca kokulungiselela, izinga lokushisa kwama-myocyte liyakhuphuka, kuyilapho izicubu zemisipha ziyaqina futhi zinwebeke.
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izicathulo ezinezinyawo ezingasheleleki ngezikhathi zeqhwa.
