Ukulimala kwamehlo kuvame ukuphazamisa ubuqotho bezakhiwo ezizungezile zamathambo, izicubu ezithambile nemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthola indawo efanelekile yokubhujiswa kanye nesimo sokulimala. Ngakho-ke, i-ophthalmologist kuphela engasungula ukuxilongwa okunembile. Lokhu kungenzeka kudinge lonke uhla lwezifundo zomculo kanye nokubandakanyeka kwabanye ochwepheshe abancane - i-otolaryngologist noma i-neurosurgeon. Ngisho nezimpawu ezincane zokusalela nokungakhululeki ngemuva kwe-microtrauma kufanele kube yisizathu sokuvakashela ihhovisi likadokotela wezifo zamehlo ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga ezinkulu noma ukugula okungalapheki.
Izimbangela nezimpawu zokulimala okuhlukile
Iso, ngaphandle kwejwabu leso elincanyana, alinakho ukuvikelwa okuphawulekayo ekushayweni okuqondile nakwezinye izithonya zangaphandle - ukungena kwemizimba yangaphandle, uketshezi olubabayo nolushisayo. Kwezinye izimo, kukhona ukwephulwa kokusebenza kwayo okujwayelekile kusukela ekulimaleni kanzima lapho uwe noma usuka ekhanda. Ukulimala okuningi (90%) kuhlobene nama-microtraumas - izidumbu ezincane zangaphandle ezingena esweni. Lokhu kwenziwa isimo sezulu esinomoya onamandla onothuli. Ukukhishwa kwe-sawdust, shavings kanye nezinye izinto ezivela kumathuluzi kagesi noma amathuluzi kagesi nakho kuyimbangela yalokhu kulimala.
Ukulimala kanzima kwenzeka ngesikhathi sezingozi zemoto, ubutha, izehlakalo zasemgwaqweni, ezemidlalo ezeqisayo nezokuxhumana. Ukulimala kwezimboni kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokusebenza komsebenzi ngaphandle kwezingilazi zokuvikela.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zivezwa ubuhlungu bendawo, ukushisa, ukuklebhuka, ukuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo nezicubu ezizungezile, ukopha kwendawo, ububomvu benhlamvu yeso. Kwesinye isikhathi umbono ungonakala, i-photophobia kanye nekhanda kungenzeka. Ngomonakalo omncane, ubuhlungu abubalulekile futhi akukho ukwehla kombono. Kungaba nokopha okuncane nokwandiswa kwenethiwekhi yemithambo yegobolondo elingaphandle le-eyeball kanye nendawo engemuva yamajwabu amehlo. Amandla kanye nezimpawu zokubonakaliswa kwezimpawu kuncike kohlobo nobukhulu bokulimala okutholakele.
Ukuhlukumezeka okungaqondakali kubonakala ngokuvela kokopha ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zeso: ijwabu leso, iris, i-retina, umzimba we-vitreous. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lokhu kungahambisana nokuxubana nokulimala okubuhlungu kwengqondo. Ukwanda okunamandla komfundi nokungabikho kwempendulo ekukhanyeni kukhombisa ukukhubazeka kwesisipha somfundi noma ukulimala kwethambo le-oculomotor.
Ukulimala okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi okunzima kwenzeka lapho ubuqotho beso nezicubu ezizungezile zephulwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ubuhlungu bezinhlungu bunzima futhi abubekezeleleki. Kukhona ukuvuvukala okukhulu nokuphuma kwegazi enxebeni. Umbono ukhubazeke kakhulu. Ikhanda elibuhlungu livame ukuhambisana nokwanda kokushisa komzimba. Ngokubuka, kungahle kube nokugqwala kwelensi nokuba khona kwegazi egumbini langaphakathi leso.
Imvamisa amacala anjalo adinga ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo. Amanxeba angena ngaphakathi ayingozi ngezinkinga ezalandela futhi angavusa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Ngaphandle kwemvelo ehlukile (ukushisa, amakhemikhali, imisebe), ukusha kwamehlo kunezimpawu ezifanayo. Ezimweni ezimnene, lokhu ukuvuvukala okuncane nokubomvu kuzinkophe zamehlo nasebusweni. Ezilondeni ezinzima, izimpawu ezicacile zemiphumela emibi ziyabonakala - kusuka kumabhamuza amancane kujwabu leso kuya ekubonakaleni kwe-corneal kanye nokuvela kwezindawo ezifile ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zeso.
Ukulimala kwejwabu leso okuhlobene
Le nto evikelayo yeso ivame ukonakaliswa usizo lokuqala olungafanele - umzamo ongafanele wokususa umzimba wangaphandle uholela ekuklwebhekeni nasekucasukeni kwegobolondo langaphakathi. Kusukela ekushayweni okunamandla, ukuvuvukala okukhulu nokulimala kuyakhiwa. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ijwabu leso lingathola ukulimala kwamazinga ahlukahlukene - kusuka kokuncane okungenhla kuya kokujulile.
Ukulimala kwamehlo kwezemidlalo
Imidlalo esebenzayo cishe njalo ikhulisa ubungozi bokulimala ezithweni ezibukwayo.
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Okokuqala, lokhu kusebenza ezinhlotsheni zemidlalo nezinhlobo zokuxhumana: iHockey, ibhola, ithenisi, i-basketball, i-sambo, isibhakela, ikarati nobunye ubuciko bokulwa. Ekushayisaneni okunodlame, isibhakela, indololwana noma isiteleka samadolo kuvame ukudala ukulimala kanzima okungenakugwenywa ngisho nangezimpahla zokuzivikela. Izesekeli ezahlukahlukene (amakilabhu, ama-rackets, amalulwane) ezimweni ezinzima zokudlala zivame ukuba "yithuluzi" lokulimaza impilo.
Izinsimbi zemidlalo ezisindayo nezisheshayo, njenge-puck noma i-baseball, nazo zivame ukushaya endaweni yamehlo. Ngokushaya kahle, ngisho ne-badminton shuttlecock elula (13 g) indiza ngaphezu kwama-200 km / h futhi inamandla anele okwenzakalisa ukulimala kabi.
Cishe kuyo yonke imidlalo kunamacala okuwa nokushaywa kwekhanda, okuthinta kabi isimo sezinto ezibukwayo.
Ngaphandle kokuthi iphesenti lokulimala kwamehlo kwezemidlalo lingu-30% wengqikithi, zibeka engcupheni enkulu yezinkinga ezalandela. Ukuze kulondolozwe impilo yabasubathi, abezokwelapha bahlala befuna izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha nokuvuselela. Ekuqeqeshweni, kusetshenzelwa izindlela zokuzigwema. Imboni ifuna izindlela zokwenza ngcono izakhiwo zokuvikela imishini.
Yini okungavunyelwe ukuyenza uma kwenzeka ukulimala kweso
Kulula kakhulu ukulimaza iso kanye nezicubu ezizungezile, ngokuzama ukuzama ukuqeda ukungakhululeki. Kulokhu, awukwazi ukugcoba amajwabu amehlo akho noma ngokuzimela uqale ukususa umzimba wangaphandle ngendwangu noma iduku. Akunasimo lapho kufanele kusetshenziswe izixazululo ze-alkaline noma i-acidic ekuhlanzeni uma into engene esweni ingaziwa nakanjani.
Usizo lokuqala ezimweni ezahlukene
Ukufika ngesikhathi nokunemba kosizo lokuqala lokulimala kwamehlo ikakhulu kunquma impumelelo yokwelashwa okulandelayo kanye nokuphelela kokubuyiselwa kwemisebenzi yayo. Umthetho oyinhloko ukuvimbela ukulimala okuphindaphindiwe nokutheleleka.
Uma kwenzeka ukusha kwamakhemikhali, kubalulekile ukugeza iso ngenani elikhulu lesisombululo esibuthakathaka sikasawoti noma i-potassium permanganate, ngokushisa okushisayo - ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
Uma kwenzeka ukulimala okungaqondile, sebenzisa amakhaza ukudambisa izinhlungu nokuvuvukala. Ungazama ukugeza imfucumfucu emincane ngomfudlana wamanzi ahlanzekile. Kunoma yimuphi umonakalo, i-gauze bandage iyasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlolwa kukadokotela kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okunembile futhi kunqunywe ukwelashwa.
Uma kukhona ukwephula ubuqotho beso, khona-ke kuyadingeka kuphela ukumisa noma ukunciphisa ukuphuma kwegazi. Olunye usizo lokuqala lunikezwa esikhungweni sezokwelapha, futhi isisulu kufanele siyiswe egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukuxilongwa
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo, kunqunywa izinga lomonakalo, futhi kuthathwa izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokuqeda izimpawu. Uma kusolwa ukulimala kwangaphakathi, kwenziwa i-fluoroscopy ne-fundoscopy enwetshiwe (ukuhlolwa kwe-fundus). Ngemuva kwalokho kunqunywa umbuzo wokulaliswa esibhedlela noma wokudluliselwa kuchwepheshe omncane ofanele. Ngokungeziwe ku-ophthalmologist, lokhu kungaba yi-neurosurgeon, i-otolaryngologist, noma uchwepheshe ekuhlinzweni kwe-maxillofacial. Uma kunesidingo, kunikezwa izifundo ezengeziwe zezinsimbi: i-ultrasound echolocation, i-ophthalmoscopy, ukuhlolwa nge-fluorescein nezinye izindlela.
© UTyler Olson - stock.adobe.com. Ukuhlolwa kwe-fundus.
Izisekelo zokwelashwa
Ukuphulukiswa kokulimala okuphumelelayo kuncike ekuhlolweni okufanele nasekwelashweni, okungenziwa kuphela ngochwepheshe ofanele wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ukuqedwa kwezimpawu zokulimala okuncane kungenzeka ekhaya ngokunconywa kukadokotela.
Ukwelashwa kwemihuzuko kanye nemiphumela yokukhipha izinto zakwamanye amazwe kuvame ukwenziwa ngokugula. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa amafutha okugcoba kanye namaconsi. Ukudambisa izinhlungu, ama-analgesics ayabekwa.
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Ezimweni zokudideka, kusetshenziswa ama-decongestants nezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, futhi ama-coagulants asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi. Ukusheshisa izinqubo zokwelashwa nokubuyiselwa kwezinqubo ze-physiotherapy.
Ngamanxeba avulekile ezimweni ezinzima, kudingeka ukulaliswa esibhedlela nokuhlinzwa.
Isikhathi sokwelashwa nesikhathi sokululama kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesonto elilodwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
Amaconsi uma kwenzeka ukulimala
Impilo yamehlo kufanele ithathwe ngokunakekelwa okufanele nangobucayi futhi kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngemuva kokubonisana nodokotela. Uhlu olungezansi luhloselwe ukujwayeza izakhiwo zemithi kuphela:
- Amaconsi eVitasik - anomthelela omuhle kulwelwesi lwamafinyila, anezinto ezibulala amagciwane nezokwelapha.
- IBalarpan-N iyikhambi lemvelo lokubuyisela esimeni elisetshenziselwa ukushisa nokwelashwa kwangemva kokuhlinzwa, kusiza ukuthambisa amehlo.
- I-Kartalin ne-Oftan-katakhrom - zinomthelela omuhle kulensi.
- I-Dephysleis - ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwezinyembezi futhi isheshise inqubo yokuvuselela i-cornea.
- ISolcoseryl neKorneregel ziyaphilisa futhi zivuselela ama-gel.
