Ukuqhuma kwamadolo eMeniscus - Ukwelashwa nokuvuselelwa

Ukulimala kwezemidlalo

1K 0 03/22/2019 (ukubuyekezwa kokugcina: 07/01/2019)

Ukuqhekeka kwe-meniscus yamadolo okuhlangene kungukuphula ubuqotho be-cartilage ekhethekile ngaphakathi kwejoyini legama elifanayo, elisebenza njengephedi kanye ne-absorber absorber.

Ulwazi oluvamile

I-Menisci yizakhiwo ze-cartilaginous ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwamadolo, phakathi kwezindawo ze-femur ne-tibia. Kwakhiwa ikakhulukazi yimicu ye-collagen ekhethekile. Ngephesenti:

• i-collagen - 65 ± 5%;
• amaprotheni we-matrix angaphandle - 10 ± 3%;
• i-elastin - 0.6 ± 0.05%.

Ngaphakathi kokwakheka kwe-cartilage ngayinye kukhona indawo ebomvu - indawo enemithambo yegazi.

Nika i-meniscus yangaphandle nengaphakathi. Ngamunye uhlukaniswe waba ngumzimba, izimpondo zangaphambili nangemuva. Zisebenza njengezidambisi ezishaqisayo zemvelo, zisabalalisa imithwalo ebalulekile kanye nengcindezi yokuxhumana nokuqinisa ukuhlangana ngesikhathi sokujikeleza. Ukulimala kwe-Meniscus kuyisifo esivamile kubantu abaneminyaka engu-17-42 abasebenza noma abasebenza kanzima. Amalunga amadolo kwesobunxele nangakwesokudla alimele ebangeni elifanayo. Ukuqhekeka kwe-meniscus yangaphakathi kwenzeka kaningi kaningi kune-lateral. Ukuguqulwa kwawo womabili ama-menisci akuvamile kakhulu. Abesilisa balimala kaningi kunabesifazane. Ukwelashwa kugcinwa noma kusebenza.

© joshya - stock.adobe.com

I-Etiology

Izimbangela zokulimala kungenxa yokuxineka kwemishini. Kungase kuhambisane nokwelula noma ukudabula kwemisipha. Ngokuvamile ziyi:

• Umphumela ohlangene, oqukethe ukujikeleza okubukhali komlenze ongezansi:
  • ngaphakathi - kuholela ekuguqulweni kwe-meniscus yangaphandle;
  • ngaphandle - ukuqhekeka kokwakheka koqwanga lwangaphakathi.
• I-flexion eyeqile noma ukunwetshwa kokuhlanganiswa, noma ukunyakaza okungazelelwe noma ukunyakaza kokuthwebula.
• Ukugijima emhlabathini ongalingani ngesisindo somzimba ngokweqile.
• Ukulimala okuqondile - ukuwa ngeqhubu emadolweni esitebhisini.

Ukulimala njalo kuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kokuvuvukala okungapheli nezinqubo zokwehla kwezicubu ze-cartilage, okwandisa ubungozi bokuhlukumezeka kabusha.

Izimbangela zokuwohloka kwe-cartilage, ezandisa amathuba okulimala okubuhlungu, zifaka futhi:

1. izifo ezithathelwanayo - i-rheumatism, i-brucellosis;
2. i-microtrauma ephindaphindwayo kubadlali bebhola, abadlali be-basketball, abadlali be-hockey;
3. ukudakwa okungapheli nge-benzene, i-formaldehyde, i-vinyl chloride;
4. ukuphazamiseka komzimba - igawuthi;
5. ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwe-endocrine (ukungalingani kwe-hormone yokukhula, i-estrogen kanye ne-corticosteroids);
6. i-congenital pathologies (i-hypoplasia yezicubu ze-cartilage, i-menisci, izitsha zamalungu emadolweni; ukungazinzi kahle kwe-ligamentary ligamentary).

Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40, izinqubo eziwohlokayo ziyizimbangela ezivame kakhulu zezifo eziqanjwe ngamagama (i-menisci iphelelwa ngamandla futhi iba sengozini yokuthola imiphumela ebuhlungu).

Njengoba kunikezwe okungenhla, ababhali abaningi bahlukanisa izimo ze-meniscus zibe:

• okwethusayo;
• okonakala (okuvela uma wenza ukunyakaza okujwayelekile noma imithwalo emincane, isithombe somtholampilo siyasulwa).

Ukuhlukaniswa kokuguqulwa kanye neziqu zabo

Ukulimala kuqediwe noma kuyingxenye, ngokuhamba noma ngaphandle kokuhamba, emzimbeni, noma ophondweni lwangaphakathi noma lwangemuva. Ngokubheka ukwakheka, amakhefu ahlukaniswe kwaba:

1. ubude obude;
2. evundlile;
3. osabalalayo;
4. ngohlobo "lokunisela lungaphatha";
5. ukuhlanganiswa kwamapayipi;
6. i-patchwork ivundlile.

Ngokujwayelekile, ngokusho kwedatha ye-MRI, kunezigaba ezine zokuguqulwa ezihlukile:

Izimpawu

Izimpawu zokugula ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isikhathi saso, kanye nobukhulu bomonakalo.

Yikuphi onguchwepheshe ongathintana naye

Kufanele uthintane nodokotela ohlinzayo noma i-traumatologist yamathambo.

Ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngesisekelo se-anamnesis (iqiniso lokulimala), idatha yokuhlolwa (ngezivivinyo zokuhlinzwa), izikhalazo zesiguli kanye nemiphumela yezindlela zokucwaninga ezisetshenziswayo.

Ungaqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nge:

• I-X-ray, evumela ukukhomba umonakalo (isifundo singenziwa ngokungafani); inani locwaningo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okungaba khona kwezakhiwo zamathambo;
• I-MRI, ebonakala ngokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-radiography;
• I-CT, engafundisi kangako kune-MRI, isetshenziswa lapho lokhu kungenzeki;
• I-Ultrasound, eyenza sikwazi ukubona nokuhlola izinga lomonakalo ezakhiweni zezicubu ezixhuma;
• i-arthroscopy, enikeza ithuba:
  • ukubona ngeso lengqondo ukuhlukumezeka;
  • susa izingcezu ezilimele ze-cartilage;
  • ukwethula imithi.

Ukwelashwa

Kuyinto multi-esiteji. Kukhethwe ngakunye.

Esikhathini esibucayi kukhonjiswa:

1. ukubhoboza isikhwama se-articular nokumunca igazi, uma kukhona;
2. ukuphumula nokukhubazeka komlenze ngokuguqulwa okuphawulekayo ezincomweni zodokotela oya khona (i-plaster cast ingasetshenziswa); ngokuqhekeka okuncane kwe-radial noma okumaphakathi kophondo, ukungasebenzi ngokuphelele akuboniswa ngenxa yengozi yokuthola izinkontileka (kusetshenziswa ibhandishi lengcindezi elivela ebhandeni elinwebekayo);
3. ukuphuza amaphilisi ezinhlungu (Ibuprofen, Ketanol, Diclofenac);
4. ukunyakaza ngezinduku ukuze unciphise umthwalo kujoyinti elonakele;
5. ngosuku lokulimala - kubanda endaweni, nika umlenze isikhundla esiphakeme.

Okunye ukuqokwa:

• Ukwelapha umzimba;
• ukubhucungwa umzimba;
• i-physiotherapy (ukwelashwa kwe-UHF, i-microwave, i-laser, i-magnetotherapy, i-hydrotherapy, i-electromyostimulation, i-ultrasound, i-hirudotherapy, i-electrophoresis);
• ama-chondroprotectors (i-glucosamine, i-chondroitin sulfate).

© Photographee.eu - stock.adobe.com. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba.

Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kwenziwa uma kutholakala ukuthi:

• ukuhlukaniswa komzimba nezimpondo ze-meniscus (kaningi kunokuqhekeka kophondo lwangemuva lwe-meniscus yangaphakathi, kuhambisane nokuqubuka phakathi nezikwele);
• ukuqhekeka kwe-meniscus ngokufuduka kwayo okulandelayo;
• ukuchoboza i-meniscus;
• ukuntuleka kwemiphumela ekwelashweni okulondolozayo.

Okusatshalaliswa kakhulu ukuhlinzwa okulondolozwa kwamadoda ne-meniscus ngokusebenzisa umthungo nezakhiwo ezikhethekile. Ukufinyelela kwezicubu ezilimele kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa indlela evulekile noma ukusebenzisa i-arthroscope.

Ukuhlinzwa ngepulasitiki kungenzeka uma kwenzeka kwehlukaniswa ne-capsule ehlangene noma ukuqhekeka okuqondile okuqondile nokwesikhashana. Amathuba okuphumelela aphezulu ngokulimala okusha nesiguli esingaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala.

© romaset - stock.adobe.com

Ukufakelwa kwe-Meniscus kusetshenziselwa ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwezicubu ze-cartilage. Ama-graft angama-lyophilized noma ama-menisci akhanyisiwe. Kukhona idatha yezincwadi ekwakhiweni kobuciko bokufakelwa.

Isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokusebenza cishe amahora amabili.

Isibikezelo siba sibi kakhulu lapho isiqeshana esikhulu sisusiwe noma ukuwohloka koqwanga sekuqalile - izinkomba eziphelele ze-meniscus extrusion.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba

Ukuze uvimbele i-hypotrophy yemisipha yemilenze, uqinise amathuluzi we-ligamentous futhi uzinzise i-menisci, ukwelashwa kokuzivocavoca kukhonjisiwe. Ukushaja kufanele kwenziwe kaningana ngosuku. Isikhathi sokuvivinya umzimba singaba imizuzu engama-20-30.

Uhlobo lokuzivocavoca	Incazelo	Ukuzivocavoca isithombe
Ukukhama ibhola	Udinga ukuma ufulathele udonga, ubambe ibhola phakathi kwamadolo akho. Kufanele uhlale phansi kancane, uguqe ngamadolo akho.
Isinyathelo	Unyawo olulodwa lubekwa emsamo, olunye luhlala phansi. Ukuma kwezinyawo kufanele kuguqulwe ngamunye ngamunye.
Nweba	Umlenze olimele ugobile emadolweni, unyawo ulimele ngemuva, bese wehla kahle phansi.
Swing ukumelana	Ubambe ukusekelwa ngezandla zakho, umlenze olimele uqala kulowo ophilile ngokushintshana kusuka ezinhlangothini ezahlukene.

Izincomo ze-S.M. UBubnovsky

Ukuzivocavoca okunconyiwe kuhlukaniswe kwaba lula futhi kunzima:

• Okulula. Iqhwa elichoboziwe lisongwe ngendwangu esonga emadolweni. Kufanele uguqe ngamadolo akho, ukhuphuke kancane kancane inani lezinyathelo liye ku-15. Ngemuva kokukhipha iqhwa, guqa phansi bese uzama ukwehlisa izinqa zakho ezithendeni zakho, kancane kancane ukhulise isikhathi sokuhlala sibe yimizuzu emi-5 (ekuqaleni, ungabeka umata ngaphansi kwezinqa). Bese welula imilenze yakho phambili, ubambe enye yezinyawo ngezandla zakho bese uyidonsela phezulu.

• Okuyinkimbinkimbi:
  • Izikwele. Amadolo nge-90 ° angle. Ngemuva kuqondile. Musa ukugoba. Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa ukwesekwa. Ngenye indlela, uDkt Bubnovsky uncoma ukwenza ama-squats angama-20. Kufanele okungenani kube nezindlela ezi-5 ngosuku.

• Guqa ngamadolo, welule izingalo zakho phambi kwakho. Yehlisa phansi, uthinte phansi ngezinqe.

• Ulele esiswini sakho, bamba amaqakala akho, udonse izinyawo zakho ezinqeni, uzithinte ngezithende zakho.

• Ulele emhlane, welula izingalo zakho esifubeni sakho bese ugoba amadolo akho ngokulandelana. Ngaphandle kokuphakamisa izithende zakho phansi, zidonsele ezinqeni, uzisize ngezandla zakho.

Ukuvuselelwa nomsebenzi wezempi

Esigabeni sokuvuselelwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kunconywa ukunciphisa umthwalo edolweni ngokuhlanganyela izinyanga ezingu-6-12. Ngokuya ngezimpawu zokuhlinzwa okwenziwayo, amasu ahlukene wokwelapha ukuzivocavoca, i-ERT nokubhucungwa kungasetshenziswa. Phakathi kwemithi kunqunyelwe ama-NSAID nama-chondroprotectors.

Uma i-conscript ilimaza i-meniscus ngaphambi kokubhaliswa, ukubambezeleka kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuvunyelwe ukwelashwa. Ukungazinzi kuholela ekukhululweni emsebenzini wezempi:

• ukuhlangana kwamadolo ama-degree angama-2-3;
• ngokuhlukaniswa okungenani izikhathi ezintathu ezinyangeni eziyi-12;
• kutholakala ngezindlela ezikhethekile.

Ukusebenza ebusosheni kudinga ukululama ngokuphelele emiphumeleni yokulimala.

Bukela ividiyo: Exercises u0026 Treatment For Meniscus Tears (April 2025).