Iqiniso elithandekayo: emzimbeni womuntu, ikhemikhali elilodwa lifana nokuzinikela kanye namandla okufeza okufunayo, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinhlobo ezinzima kakhulu zokulutha. Le yi-hormone ye-dopamine - eyingqayizivele futhi emangalisayo. Imisebenzi yayo ihlukahlukene, futhi ukuntula nokugcwala ngokweqile kuholela emiphumeleni emibi futhi kuthinte ngqo isimo sempilo.
I-Dopamine - i-hormone yenjabulo
I-Dopamine ibizwa nge-hormone yenjabulo nenjabulo ngesizathu. Ikhiqizwa ngokwemvelo ngesikhathi sokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu okuhle. Ngosizo lwayo, sijabulela izinto eziyisisekelo: kusukela ngephunga lezimbali kuye ekuzizweleni okulula kokuthinta.
Izinga elijwayelekile lezinto zisiza umuntu:
- Bhala kahle;
- cabanga ngokushesha futhi uthathe izinqumo kalula;
- sizikhandle ugxile kokusemqoka;
- jabulela ukudla, ubudlelwano obuseduze, ukuthenga, njll.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-hormone dopamine kungokwama-catecholamines, noma ama-neurohormones. Lolu hlobo lwabalamuli lunikeza ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaseli omzimba wonke.
Ebuchosheni, i-dopamine idlala indima ye-neurotransmitter: ngosizo lwayo ama-neurons axhumana, imizwa kanye nezimpawu kuyadluliselwa.
I-hormone ye-dopamine iyingxenye yohlelo lwe-dopaminergic. Kubandakanya ama-5 dopamine receptors (D1-D5). Isamukeli se-D1 sithinta ukusebenza kwesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi. Ngokubambisana ne-D5 receptor, ivuselela amandla nezinqubo ze-metabolic, ibambe iqhaza ekukhuleni kwamaseli nasekuthuthukiseni izitho. I-D1 ne-D5 zinika amandla nezwi lomuntu. Izamukeli ze-D2, D3 ne-D4 zingezeqembu elihlukile. Banesibopho esikhulu semizwa namandla engqondo (umthombo - iBulletin yaseBryansk Medical University).
Uhlelo lwe-dopaminergic lumelelwa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngayinye yazo echaze ngokuqinile imisebenzi:
- indlela ye-mesolimbic ibhekene nemizwa yesifiso, umvuzo, injabulo;
- indlela ye-mesocortical iqinisekisa ukuphelela kwezinqubo zokugqugquzela kanye nemizwelo;
- Indlela ye-nigrostriatal ilawula ukusebenza kwezimoto nohlelo lwe-extrapyramidal.
Ngokuvuselela uhlelo lwe-extrapyramidal njenge-neurotransmitter, i-dopamine inikeza ukwanda kokusebenza kwezimoto, ukwehla kwethoni yemisipha eyeqile. Futhi ingxenye yobuchopho, ebizwa nge-substantia nigra, inquma imizwa yomama maqondana nezingane zabo (umthombo - iWikipedia).
I-hormone ithinta kanjani futhi kanjani
I-Dopamine ibhekene nemisebenzi eminingi emzimbeni wethu. Ilawula ngokushesha ezinhlelweni ezi-2 ezibalulekile zobuchopho:
- isikhuthazo;
- ukuhlolwa kanye nogqozi.
Uhlelo lokuvuza lusikhuthaza ukuthi sithole esikudingayo.
Siphuza amanzi, siyawadla futhi siyawajabulela. Ngifuna ukuphinda imizwa emnandi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunogqozi lokwenza i-algorithm ethile yezenzo futhi.
Amandla okukhumbula, ukufunda, nokwenza izinqumo nawo ancike ngqo kwi-hormone ye-dopamine. Kungani izingane ezincane zingcono ekufundeni ulwazi olusha uma ziluthola ngendlela yokudlala? Kulula - ukuqeqeshwa okunjalo kuhambisana nemizwa emihle. Izindlela ze-dopamine ziyakhuthazeka.
Ilukuluku libhekwa njengokuhluka kwesisusa sangaphakathi. Kuyakukhuthaza ukuthi ubheke izimpendulo zemibuzo, uxazulule iziphicaphicwano, uhlole imvelo ukuze ufunde ngomhlaba futhi uthuthuke. Ilukuluku lidala uhlelo lokuvuza futhi lilawulwa ngokuphelele yi-dopamine.
Ososayensi baseSweden bathole ngokwamandla ukuthi ubuciko buvame ukubonakaliswa kubantu abanesisindo esiphansi se-D-2 dopamine receptors ku-thalamus. Le ndawo yobuchopho inesibopho sokuhlaziya imininingwane engenayo. Ukudala, ikhono lokucabanga ngaphandle kwebhokisi, thola izixazululo ezintsha ezivela lapho ama-receptors ehlunga amasiginali angenayo kancane futhi avumele idatha eningi "eluhlaza" idlule.
Uhlobo lomuntu (i-extroverted / introged) ne-temperament futhi kuxhomeke ekuthambekeni kwemiphumela ye-dopamine. I-extrovert engokomzwelo, engacabangi idinga ama-hormone amaningi ukuze abe esejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ufuna ukuvela okusha, ulwela ukuzijabulisa, kwesinye isikhathi uthatha izingozi ezingadingekile. Okusho ukuthi, uphila ngokucebile. Kepha ama-introverts, adinga i-dopamine encane ukuze aphile ngokunethezeka, mancane amathuba okuthi ahlupheke ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemilutha (umthombo ngesiNgisi - iphephabhuku lezokwelapha iScience Daily).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwezitho zangaphakathi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuhlushwa okuthile kwe-hormone dopamine.
Kuqinisekisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuzinzile, ukusebenza kwezinso, kulawula ukusebenza kwezimoto, futhi kunciphise ukwanda kwamathumbu emathumbu namazinga e-insulin.
Isebenza kanjani
Ngokwesakhiwo, uhlelo lwe-dopaminergic luyafana nomqhele wesihlahla esinamagatsha. I-hormone ye-dopamine ikhiqizwa ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho bese isatshalaliswa ngezindlela eziningana. Uqala ukuhambisa "igatsha" elikhulu, eliqhubekisela phambili amagatsha abe amancane.
I-Dopamine nayo ingabizwa ngokuthi "i-hormone yamaqhawe". Umzimba uyisebenzisela ukukhiqiza i-adrenaline. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezibucayi (ngokulimala, isibonelo) kukhona ukweqa okubukhali kwe-dopamine. Ngakho-ke i-hormone isiza umuntu ukuzivumelanisa nesimo esicindezelayo futhi ivimbele nama-receptors ezinhlungu.
Kufakazelwe ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwehomoni kuqala esigabeni sokulindela injabulo. Lo mphumela usetshenziswa ngokuphelele ngabakhangisi nabadali bezikhangiso, ukuheha abathengi ngezithombe eziqhakazile nezithembiso ezinkulu. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu ucabanga ukuthi unomkhiqizo othile, futhi izinga le-dopamine eligxume lisuka emicabangweni emnandi likhuthaza ukuthenga.
Ukukhishwa kwe-Dopamine
Into eyisisekelo yokukhiqizwa kwehomoni yi-L-tyrosine. I-amino acid ingena emzimbeni nokudla noma ihlanganiswe nezicubu zesibindi kusuka ku-phenylalanine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwethonya le-enzyme, i-molecule yayo iyaguqulwa futhi iguqulwe ibe yi-dopamine. Emzimbeni womuntu, yakhiwa ngezitho nezinhlelo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye.
Njenge-neurotransmitter, kukhiqizwa i-dopamine:
- ngodaba olumnyama lobuchopho obuphakathi;
- i-nucleus ye-hypothalamus;
- ku-retina.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenzeka kwizindlala ze-endocrine nakwezinye izicubu:
- ebuchosheni;
- izinso nezindlala adrenal;
- kumaseli omnkantsha;
- emanyikwe.
Umphumela wemikhuba emibi emazingeni ama-hormone
Ekuqaleni, i-hormone dopamine yayisebenza kumuntu kuphela ngokuhle.
Ugqugquzele okhokho bethu ukuthi bathole ukudla okunama-kilojoule amaningi futhi wamvuza ngengxenye yemizwa emnandi.
Manje ukudla sekuyatholakala, futhi ukuze kuzuzwe izinga lokuzijabulisa okufisayo, abantu baqala ukudla ngokweqile. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyinkinga enkulu yezokwelapha kuwo wonke amazwe athuthukile.
Amakhemikhali avusa ukukhiqizwa kwehomoni ngokungeyikho: i-nicotine, i-caffeine, utshwala, njll. Ngaphansi kwethonya labo, kwenzeka ukuqhuma kwe-dopamine, sithola injabulo futhi silwele ukuthola umthamo wayo kaninginingi.... Kwenzekani emzimbeni ngalesi sikhathi? Ubuchopho bujwayela ukugqugquzela ngokweqile ama-dopamine receptors futhi, ukuwasindisa "ekutubekeni", kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo kwehomoni. Izinga layo liwela ngaphansi kokujwayelekile, kunokunganeliseki, imizwa emibi, ukungakhululeki.
Ukuze uthuthukise isimo se-psycho-ngokomzwelo, umuntu uphinde abuyele ekuvuseleleni okufakelwayo. Lokhu kusiza isikhashana, kepha ama-receptors ayaqhubeka nokulahlekelwa ukuzwela, futhi amanye amangqamuzana ezinzwa ayafa. Umbuthano ononya uvela: ukubekezelela ukwanda ngokweqile kwama-hormone, injabulo iba ncane, ukungezwani - okuningi. Manje ingxenye ye-nicotine noma yotshwala iyadingeka ngesimo esijwayelekile, hhayi "phezulu".
Ukuyeka umkhuba omubi akulula. Ngemuva kokuthi ukukhanselwa kukhanseliwe, ama-receptors ayabuyiselwa isikhathi eside futhi kabuhlungu. Umuntu uhlangabezana nosizi, ubuhlungu bangaphakathi, ukucindezeleka. Isikhathi sokululama kotshwala, ngokwesibonelo, sihlala izinyanga ezingama-18, noma ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, eziningi azisukumi ziphinde futhi ziwele ku-dopamine "hook".
Indima yokuzivocavoca umzimba
Izindaba ezimnandi: kunendlela yokwandisa inani lezinto ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo. I-hormone dopamine ikhiqizwa ngesikhathi semidlalo. Kepha kubalulekile ukulandela imigomo eyisisekelo yokuqeqesha:
- ukulinganiswa komsebenzi womzimba;
- ukujwayela amakilasi.
Uhlelo lulula lapha. Umzimba uhlangabezana nengcindezi elula bese uqala ukuzilungiselela ukucindezeleka.
Indlela yokuzivikela iyasebenza, ukuze kuqhutshekwe phambili kwe-adrenaline, ingxenye yehomoni yenjabulo ikhiqizwa.
Kukhona nomqondo onjalo - injabulo yomgijimi. Ngesikhathi eside, umuntu uhlangabezana nokuphakama ngokomzwelo. Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zezempilo ngokujwayelekile, imfundo ehlelekile yomzimba inikeza enye ibhonasi emnandi - ukushesha kenjabulo ekukhuliseni amazinga e-dopamine.
Amazinga aphansi e-dopamine - imiphumela
Isithukuthezi, ukukhathazeka, ukungabi nathemba, ukucasuka, ukukhathala kwezifo - zonke lezi zimpawu zikhomba ukungabi khona kwe-hormone dopamine emzimbeni.
Ngokuncipha kwayo okubucayi, kuvela izifo ezimbi kakhulu:
- ukucindezeleka;
- ukunakekelwa kokushoda kokungasebenzi kahle;
- ukulahlekelwa intshisekelo empilweni (anhedonia);
- Isifo sikaParkinson.
Ukushoda kwehomoni kuthinta nomsebenzi wezinye izitho nezinhlelo.
Kukhona ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, izifo ze-endocrine (i-thyroid ne-gonads, izindlala ze-adrenal, njll.), I-libido iyancipha.
Ukunquma izinga le-dopamine, odokotela bathumela isiguli ukuyohlolwa ngomchamo (kaningi egazini) kuma-catecholamine.
Uma ukungabi bikho kwezinto kuqinisekisiwe, odokotela bayanquma:
- i-dopaminomimetics (spitomin, cyclodinone, dopamine);
- L-tyrosine;
- amalungiselelo kanye nezithasiselo eziqukethe i-gingo biloba plant extract.
Kodwa-ke, izincomo eziyinhloko zabantu abaphethwe ukuguquguquka kwamahomoni yisimiso sendlela yokuphila enempilo: ukudla okunomsoco kanye nemfundo esebenzayo yomzimba.
Uhlu lokudla oluthinta amazinga e-dopamine hormone
| Ukukhuthaza ukwanda kwezinga | Ukwehla kwemikhiqizo |
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Iyini imiphumela yamazinga aphakeme e-dopamine?
Ukweqiwa kwe-hormone dopamine futhi akubonakali kahle kumuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-dopamine excess syndrome iyingozi. Ingozi yokuhlaselwa izifo ezinzima zengqondo iyanda: i-schizophrenia, i-obsessive-compulsive nezinye izinkinga zobuntu.
Inani eliphakeme kakhulu livela njenge:
- i-hyperbulia - ukwanda okubuhlungu kokuqina kokuzilibazisa nezintshisekelo, ukwehluka okusheshayo;
- ukwanda kokuzwela ngokomzwelo;
- isisusa eseqile (umphumela ukusebenza ngokweqile);
- ukubusa kokucabanga okungabonakali kanye / noma ukudideka kwemicabango.
Isizathu sokwakhiwa kwezidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene zezifo nakho kuyizinga lenyuka lehomoni. Umuntu uhlushwa yimilutha ebuhlungu enjengokulutha ukugembula, ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa, ukulangazelela okungalawuleki kwemidlalo yekhompyutha kanye nokuxhumana nabantu.
Kodwa-ke, inkinga enkulu lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-dopamine kuphazamiseka ukuwohloka okungenakulungiseka kwezinye izindawo zobuchopho.
Isiphetho
Phila ngokuqaphela! Gcina i-hormone ye-dopamine. Kulesi simo, uzozizwa umuhle, uzuze okufunayo futhi ujabulele impilo. Lawula ama-hormone ngakho-ke awakulawuli. Yiba nempilo!
