Ngaphandle kwenani elifanele lamaprotheni angena emzimbeni, ukuphishekelwa kwezicubu ezinhle nezinamandla kuphenduka indawo yokuhamba engenangqondo. Ngokushoda kwengxenye eyinhloko yokwakha, ukukhula kwemisipha akunakulindeleka. Kepha njengoba umzimba ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa ngokuzimela "izingxenye" zama-amino acid ngokuya ngezidingo zokwakha umzimba, abagijimi basebenzisa umsoco wezemidlalo. Amaprotheni obisi awuhlobo lwe-protein egxiliwe. Lo mbhalo umayelana nezici nezinzuzo zawo.
Yini amaprotheni obisi
Kulula kumsubathi oqalayo ukudideka ngobuningi bokuhlukahluka kwamaprotheni - isondo, iqanda, ikesi ... Nobisi. Kepha kulula ukukuthola. Kwanele ukuqonda ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi isengezo esiwusizo esiyixazululayo.
Ngokwakheka, iprotheni yobisi iyinhlanganisela yamaprotheni egxilile efaka ama-casein nama-whey protein. Ama-akhawunti okuqala angama-80% wengxube, inani le-whey lingu-20%.
Impuphu yenziwa ngobisi. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, amafutha nama-carbohydrate acishe asuswe ngokuphelele. Izinsalela ezomile cishe zingamaprotheni amsulwa. Abakhiqizi basusa izinto ezingadingekile, bagcine ezisebenzisekayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umgijimi uthola iphrotheni egxilile - njengaleyo etholakala ebisini lonke. Impuphu iqukethe ama-polypeptides nezingxenyana zeprotheni:
- i-lactoferrin;
- i-lactoperoxidase;
- ama-antioxidants;
- i-lacto- ne-immunoglobulins;
- i-alpha ne-beta lactose, njll.
Umsubathi akudingeki angene shí kwi-biochemistry ukuze azuze ekungenisweni kwamaprotheni obisi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda inhloso yezinto eziyinhloko:
- I-casein inesibopho sokuhlanganiswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-amino acid - kufika emahoreni angu-6-8;
- i-serum inikeza imisipha ukudla okuphakelayo kwamaprotheni - imisipha ithola izinsiza zokwakha kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30-50 ngemuva kokuthatha isengezo, kepha umphumela wengxenye awuhlali isikhathi eside.
Inhlanganisela yezinto ezihlukile ngenhloso ixazulula inkinga enzima kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwamaprotheni, umzimba womsubathi udinga ukugcwalisa ngokushesha okulahlekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngemisipha hhayi "ngokushisa" kuphela, kodwa nangomphumela wamaprotheni "oshunqayo".
I-Serum icishe igcwalise ngokushesha ukungabikho kwama-amino acid. I-Casein yenziwe yasebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikuvumela ukuthi ungakhathazeki nge-catabolism amahora amaningana.
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Ithebula likhombisa ukwakheka kwe-amino acid kwesengezo esingu-100 g. Ama-amino acid abalulekile amakwa nge-asterisk.
Ama-amino acid | Ubuningi, mg |
| Alanin | 3900 |
| I-aspartic acid | 10800 |
| I-Arginine | 5700 |
| I-Glutamic acid | 19300 |
| Umlando * | 2650 |
| I-cysteine | 1250 |
| Isoleucine * | 4890 |
| IGlycine | 3450 |
| I-Methionine * | 1750 |
| Threonine * | 4360 |
| I-Valine * | 5350 |
| USerine | 5480 |
| I-Tryptophan * | 1280 |
| Phenylalanine * | 4950 |
| I-Tyrosine | 4250 |
| I-Leucine * | 8410 |
| I-Lysine * | 7900 |
Amafomu okukhiqizwa kwesengezo semidlalo
Amaprotheni obisi avela ngezindlela ezintathu ezihlukene:
- gxila;
- behlukanisa;
- i-hydrolyzate.
Ukugxila kugxilwe, kepha hhayi inketho emsulwa. Kufaka phakathi izingxenyana ze-amino acid nenani elithile le-lactose namafutha. Le yindlela eshibhe kakhulu yobisi oluyimpuphu. Okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni kungama-35-85%. Njengoba ububanzi bamaprotheni bukhulu, naka imininingwane ekuphaketheni noma emiyalweni esitolo se-inthanethi.
Ukuhlukaniswa kuhlanzeke kakhulu - impuphu iqukethe izingxenyana zeprotheni ezingama-90-95%. Cishe awekho ama-lactose namafutha lapha, okwenza le nketho ibe ngeyezingeni eliphezulu ngokukhokhela ukungabi khona kwama-amino acid ngaphambi nangemva kokuqeqeshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukaniswa kubiza kakhulu kunenketho elandelayo.
I-hydrolyzate ikhiqizwa yi-hydrolysis, ubuchwepheshe obubandakanya ukuhlukaniswa kwama-molecule amakhulu amaprotheni abe izingxenye ezincane. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba uchitha umzamo omncane nesikhathi sokugaya amaprotheni. Ububi balolu khetho intengo ephezulu.
Ngokuya ngesilinganiso senani lentengo / ikhwalithi, ikhambi elilungile ukwahlukanisa ubisi. Ngosizo lwayo, uzogcwalisa ngempumelelo ukusilela kwe-amino acid ngaphandle kokuthwalisa isabelomali sakho.
Wenza muphi umphumela
Inhloso enkulu yamaprotheni obisi ukugcwalisa imisipha ngezinto eziqinisekisa ukukhula kwemisipha. Umsebenzi owengeziwe wesengezo ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwemicu yemisipha (catabolism).
Ngokufana, i-protein powder ixazulula ezinye izinkinga:
- kwandisa ukukhuthazela;
- kusheshisa ukutakula kwangemva kokuzivocavoca;
- isekela ukusebenza komzimba;
- kunciphisa umuzwa wendlala.
Ingqikithi yemisebenzi exazululwe yisengezo semidlalo ivumela hhayi kuphela abakhi bomzimba nabanye abameleli bezemidlalo yamandla ukuthi bazuze kuyo. Abesifazane abafuna ukususa amafutha omzimba baphinde bathambise nezicubu zabo bazobona nomphumela wokuthatha "ubisi". Futhi akupheleli lapho. Ukusetshenziswa kwamaprotheni (hhayi imvelaphi yobisi kuphela) kunomthelela omuhle esikhumbeni. Ama-amino acid ondla isikhumba, asilungise ngemuva kokulimala futhi ashukumise ukukhula kwamaseli amancane.
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Inzuzo nokulimala
Kulabo abafunde kuze kube manje, izinzuzo zokuhlanganiswa kwe-whey ne-casein sezivele zisobala. Kepha yonke imali inecala lesibili.
Ngokuthatha isengezo ngenani elifanele, akudingeki ukhathazeke ngemiphumela engemihle. Lezi zamuva zingavela kuphela uma kwenzeka ukungabekezelelani ngakunye. Izinkinga zivezwa ukucasuka kwamathumbu nezimo ezifanayo.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokudla ngokweqile kwamaprotheni, awukho umphumela we-100% oqinisekisiwe we-"overdose". Kunobufakazi obukhomba ezinkingeni ezingaba khona. Amaprotheni amaningi angathinta kabi izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zomzimba - yenhliziyo, ithambo, ukuphuma.
Futhi yize amaqiniso akhombisa ukungavuni amaprotheni amaningi emzimbeni ephikisana, kungcono ukuthi ungawubeki engozini. Thatha izithasiselo ngenani elifanele, futhi umphumela uzoba muhle kuphela. Ukuze uphephe, thintana nodokotela ofanelekayo ngaphambi kokuthatha.
Ungayithatha kanjani amaprotheni
Amaprotheni obisi abalulekile:
- ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwenqwaba;
- ngesikhathi sokumisa;
- ngokuncipha kokulondolozwa kwamafutha (efanelekile hhayi kuphela kwabakhi bomzimba).
Inketho engcono kakhulu ukuthatha izihlukanisi noma ama-hydrolysates izikhathi ezingu-1-3 ngosuku. Ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kokuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni "asheshayo" futhi "ahamba kancane", amaprotheni anconywa ukuthi adliwe ngaphambi kanye / noma ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa, ngaphambi kokulala naphakathi kokudla.
Masinyane ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa, i-serum isebenza kakhulu ngekhono layo lokugcwalisa ngokushesha ukulahleka kwamaprotheni. Ngaphambi kokulala, i-casein iyasebenza - izosindisa imisipha ekhatheni lobusuku. Umphumela ofanayo we-casein ulusizo olukhulu lapho ingekho indlela yokudla ngesikhathi ngokuya ngohlelo lokwakha umzimba.
