Ukuhlukaniswa konyawo: izimpawu, usizo lokuqala, ukwelashwa nokuvuselelwa * Isiphambano

Imilenze iyisisekelo somzimba, futhi izinyawo zisekela imilenze. Imvamisa, abagijimi bakuthatha kancane ukubaluleka konyawo neqakala eliphilile ekufezeni ukusebenza kahle kwezemidlalo, ingasaphathwa eyokuhlala kahle nempilo. Into engemnandi neze ukuthi ngisho ukulimala okuncane onyaweni nasemaqakaleni kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu yesikhathi esizayo kwezempilo ngokuzayo. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi ukulimala ezinyaweni kwenzeke, yini ukususwa izinyawo nokuthi ungakubona kanjani, ukuzivikele futhi ukwelaphe - sizokutshela kule ndatshana.

Isakhiwo sezinyawo

Unyawo ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kokwakheka komzimba. Kususelwa ohlakeni lwamathambo, olumelwe yi-talus, calcaneus, scaphoid, cuboid kanye ne-sphenoid bones (i-tarsal complex), amathambo e-metatarsus neminwe.

Isisekelo samathambo

I-talus isebenza njengohlobo lwe- "adaptha" phakathi konyawo nomlenze ongezansi, ngenxa yokuma kwayo, inikezela ukuhamba kwelungu leqakala. Ilele ngqo ethangeni lesithende.
Ithambo lesithende yilona olukhulu olwakha unyawo. Futhi kuyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu ethanjeni nephuzu lokunamathiselwa kwamathambo emisipha kanye ne-aponeurosis yonyawo. Ngokusebenza, yenza umsebenzi osekelayo lapho uhamba. Ngaphambili, ngokuhlangana nethambo le-cuboid.
Ithambo le-cuboid lakha onqenqemeni lwe-lateral lwengxenye ye-tarsal yonyawo, amathambo we-metatarsal wesithathu nowesine asondele ngqo kuyo. Ngomphetho wayo ophakathi, ithambo elichaziwe lixhumana nethambo le-scaphoid.
Ithambo le-scaphoid lenza ingxenye yomphakathi yengxenye ye-tarsal yonyawo. Ulele ngaphambili futhi umaphakathi ne-calcaneus. Ngaphambili, ithambo le-scaphoid lixhumana namathambo e-sphenoid - lateral, medial and medial. Ngokubambisana bakha isisekelo samathambo samathambo e-metatarsal.
Amathambo e-metatarsal ahlobene ngokuma nalokho okuthiwa ngamathambo we-tubular. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zixhunywe ngokunganyakazi emathanjeni e-tarsus, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akha amalunga ahambekayo nezinzwane.

Kukhona izinzwane ezinhlanu, ezine zazo (kusuka kwesibili kuye kwesihlanu) zinama-phalanges amathathu amafushane, owokuqala unezimbili kuphela. Uma ubheka phambili, izinzwane zidlala indima ebalulekile kuphethini ye-gait: isigaba sokugcina sokusunduza unyawo emhlabathini kungenzeka kuphela ngozwane lokuqala nolwesibili.

Amathuluzi weLigamentous

Amathambo afakwe kuhlu aqiniswa yizinsimbi zomgogodla, akha amalunga alandelayo phakathi kwawo:

I-Subtalar - phakathi kwe-talus ne-calcaneus. Kulimala kalula lapho imigqa yamaqakala yelulwa, ngokwakhiwa kwe-subluxation.
I-Talocalcaneonavicular - ezungeze i-eksisi yalelijoyinti kungenzeka ukwenza ukubizwa nokuphakanyiswa konyawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela amalunga onyawo we-tarsometatarsal, intermetatarsal kanye ne-interphalangeal.

Imisipha etholakala ohlangothini lweplanti lomlenze ongezansi yiyona ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwengqimba yethole efanele. Zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:

ngaphandle;
ngaphakathi;
isilinganiso.

Iqembu lokuqala lisebenzela umunwe omncane, iqembu lesibili likhonza isithupha (esibhekele ukugoqeka nokufakwa). Iqembu lemisipha eliphakathi libhekele ukugoqana kwezinzwane zesibili, zesithathu nezesine.

Ngokwe-biomechanically, unyawo lwakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi, ngethoni efanele yemisipha, indawo yaso yezitshalo yakha imengamo eminingana:

i-longitudinal vault yangaphandle - idlula kulayini odwetshiwe ngokwengqondo phakathi kwe-tubercle ye-calcaneal nenhloko ye-distal yethambo lesihlanu le-phalangeal;
i-arch longitudinal yangaphakathi - idlula kulayini odonseke ngokwengqondo phakathi kwesifo sofuba se-calcaneal kanye nenhloko ye-distal yethambo lokuqala le-metatarsal;
I-arch longitudinal eguqukayo - idlula kulayini odwetshiwe ngokwengqondo phakathi kwamakhanda e-distal wamathambo we-metatarsal wokuqala nowesihlanu.

Ngaphezu kwemisipha, i-plantar aponeurosis enamandla, eshiwo ngenhla, iyabandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo esinjalo.

Izinhlobo zokuhlukaniswa konyawo

Ukuhlukaniswa konyawo kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu:

Ukususwa okungaphansi konyawo

Ngalolu hlobo lokulimala konyawo, i-talus ihlala endaweni, kanye ne-calcaneal, i-scaphoid ne-cuboid eseduze, njengoba kunjalo, ziyahlukahluka. Kulokhu, kukhona ukuhlukumezeka okuphawulekayo kwezicubu ezithambile zejoyinti, ngomonakalo emithanjeni yegazi. Umgogodla ohlangene kanye nezicubu zomgogodla zigcwele i-hematoma ebanzi. Lokhu kuholela ekuvuvukeni okukhulu, ebuhlungu futhi, okuyisici esiyingozi kakhulu, ekulethweni kwegazi okhubazekile emlenzeni. Isimo sakamuva singasebenza njengesiqalo sokukhula kokubola kwezinyawo.

Ukususwa kwenhlanganisela yetarsal enqamulelayo

Lolu hlobo lokulimala konyawo lwenzeka ngokuhlukumezeka okuqondile. Unyawo lubukeka ngendlela ethile - lusatshalaliswa ngaphakathi, isikhumba sangemuva konyawo seluliwe.Uma uthinta ijoyinti, i-scaphoid yangaphakathi efudukile izwakala kahle. I-edema ibizwa njengoba kwenzeka esimweni esedlule.

Ukususwa kwejoyini le-metatarsal

Ukulimala konyawo okungajwayelekile. Imvamisa kwenzeka ngokulimala okuqondile emaphethelweni angaphambili onyawo. Indlela elula kakhulu yokulimala ifika isuka phezulu ezinzwaneni. Kulesi simo, amathambo wokuqala noma wesihlanu we-phalangeal angasuswa endaweni ehlukile, noma wonke amahlanu ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokwemitholampilo, kunokukhubazeka okufana nesinyathelo konyawo, i-edema, nokungakwazi ukunyathela onyaweni. Ukuhamba ngokuzithandela kwezinzwane kunzima kakhulu.

Izinzwane eziklinyiwe

Ukususwa okuvame kakhulu kwenzeka ekuhlanganyeleni kwe-metatarsophalangeal kozwane lokuqala. Kulokhu, umunwe uhamba ungene ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle, ngokuzijika ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukulimala kuhambisana nobuhlungu, imizwa ephawulekayo ebuhlungu lapho uzama ukuphuma phansi ngomlenze olimele. Ukugqoka izicathulo kunzima, kaningi akunakwenzeka.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zokuhlukaniswa

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zonyawo oluhlukanisiwe yilezi:

Ubuhlungu, okuvela kakhulu, ngokushesha ngemuva komthelela wento ehlukumezayo onyaweni. Kulokhu, ngemuva kokuqedwa kokuvezwa, ubuhlungu buqhubeka. Ukuqinisa kuyenzeka lapho uzama ukuncika kulungu elilimele.
I-Edema... Indawo yokuhlangana okonakele iyanda ngevolumu, isikhumba sisoluliwe. Kukhona umuzwa wokwandiswa kokujoyina kusuka ngaphakathi. Lesi simo sihlotshaniswa nokulimala okuhambisanayo kokwakheka kwezicubu ezithambile, ikakhulukazi, imikhumbi.
Ukulahleka komsebenzi... Akunakwenzeka ukwenza ukunyakaza ngokuzithandela ejoyintini elonakele; umzamo wokwenza lokhu uletha imizwa ebuhlungu ebaluleke kakhulu.
Indawo ephoqelelwe yonyawo - ingxenye yonyawo noma lonke unyawo lisesimweni esingeyona semvelo.

Qaphela futhi unake! Akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa ukuhlukaniswa konyawo kusuka ekululekeni nasekuqhekekeni konyawo ngokubukeka, ngaphandle kokuba nezinto zokusebenza ze-X-ray.

Usizo lokuqala lokuhlukaniswa

Usizo lokuqala lokuhlukaniswa konyawo luqukethe i-algorithm yezenzo ezilandelayo:

Beka isisulu endaweni entofontofo.
Okulandelayo, kufanele unikeze isitho esilimele indawo ephakeme (unyawo kufanele lube ngenhla kwamalunga edolo nasesinqeni), ubeke umcamelo, ibhantshi noma yiziphi izindlela ezifanele ngaphansi kwaso.
Ukunciphisa i-edema yangemva kwenhlekelele, ukulimala kufanele kupholiswe. Kulokhu, iqhwa noma yimuphi umkhiqizo ofriziwe efrijini (isibonelo, iphakethe lamadombolo) kufanelekile.
Uma isikhumba sonakele, kuyadingeka ukufaka i-aseptic yokugqoka enxebeni.
Ngemuva kwazo zonke izinyathelo ezichazwe ngenhla, udinga ukuhambisa isisulu esikhungweni sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu, lapho kune-traumatologist nomshini we-X-ray.

Ukwelashwa kokuhlukaniswa

Ukwelashwa kokuhlukaniswa kuqukethe inqubo yokubeka umlenze nokuwunikeza isikhundla semvelo. Ukunciphisa kungavalwa - ngaphandle kokungenelela kokuhlinzwa, futhi kuvulwe, okungukuthi - ngokusebenzisa imbobo yokuhlinzwa.

Akunakwenzeka ukunikeza izeluleko ezithile mayelana nokuthi ungalapha kanjani unyawo olususwe ekhaya nokuthi ungaluphatha kanjani, ngoba awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kosizo lwe-traumatologist enolwazi. Ngemuva kokulungisa ukukhishwa, angakunika izincomo zokuthi wenzeni lapho unyawo lususiwe ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwezimoto ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ngemuva kwezinqubo zokunciphisa, kusetshenziswa ibhandeshi lokulungisa, isikhathi esingamasonto amane kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili. Ungamangali ukuthi lapho ulungisa umlenze ongezansi, i-splint izosetshenziswa kuze kufike engxenyeni engezansi yesithathu yethanga - ngokuhlangana kwedolo kulungisiwe. Lesi yisimo esidingekayo, ngoba inqubo yokuhamba ngeqakala elinqunyiwe iyingozi kakhulu ekuhlanganyeleni kwamadolo.

Ukubuyiselwa kokuhlukaniswa

Ngemuva kokukhipha ukungasebenzi, inqubo yokuvuselela iqala - ukufakwa kancane kancane kwemisipha yelungu elingenamandla emsebenzini. Kufanele uqale ngokunyakaza okusebenzayo, kepha ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwilungu elimele

Ukubuyisela ukuqina kwamathambo endaweni yokulimala, udinga ukuhamba ibanga elifushane nsuku zonke, uyikhulise igxathu negxathu.

Ukubuyiselwa okusebenzayo kokuhamba kwamalungu, sinikela ngokuzivocavoca okuningana okusebenzayo. Ukuze ukwenze, uzodinga ikhafu enendandatho yokulungiselela kanye nebhande lokunamathisela kuthenda le-Achilles. Sibeka isikhwama endaweni yokuqagela yamathambo we-metatarsal. Silungisa imichilo ngaphesheya kwethenda ye-Achilles ngenhla nje kwesithende. Silala phansi kumata, sibeke izicathulo zethu ebhentshini lokuzivocavoca. Izinketho ezintathu ziyalandela:

Siba yizinqe eduze nedivayisi yokuvimba. Sinamathisela isisindo esincane (esingekho ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-10) eringini lokulungisa elisuka kubhlokhi engezansi. Senza i-flexion ejoyinini leqakala kuze kube yilapho ukuzwa okuqinile okuvuthayo kuzwakala ngaphambili komlenze ongezansi.
Sima eceleni eceleni kwensimbi yebhulokhi (ibhulokhi kufanele ibekwe ohlangothini lwesithupha). Sigxilisa izinsimbi (ezingekho ngaphezu kwama-5 kg) bese sisho unyawo. Okulandelayo, siguqula indawo ukuze ibhulokhi ibe sohlangothini lomunwe omncane bese iqala ukwenza supination. Isisindo sezisindo siyefana nalapho sisho.
Ukuzivocavoca okulandelayo izinzwane. Kungenziwa kusuka endaweni yokuma phansi, ukuma kwi-dais, noma endaweni yokuhlala. Esimweni sokugcina, amadolo nezinyonga zenyonga kufanele zigotshwe nge-engela yama-degree angama-90, izinyawo kufanele zibe phansi. Ungabeka isisindo esincane emadolweni akho. Senza ukukhuphuka phambili kwezinzwane izithende zisuka phansi.
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Ngaphezu kokuzivocavoca okuchaziwe kokuthuthukisa unyawo ngemuva kokulimala ekhaya, ungasebenzisa ezinye izindlela nezindlela ezithuthukisiwe: gingqa ibhola ngonyawo lwakho, wenze ama-backbends ngethawula, nokuningi.