“Okugqamile” kulolu hlelo, uma kukhulunywa hhayi esekisini, kodwa kwezokusubatha, wumjaho wamadoda wamamitha ayikhulu. Ubulili obulungile, obambe iqhaza ngokugcwele kuyo yonke imikhakha yezokusubatha, ujabulisa abalandeli ngobuhle nomusa, imiphumela emnandi esikhathini esedlule, amafomu wesilisa kuphela, kepha ... akazenzi umuntu oshesha kakhulu emhlabeni.
Igama elithi Usain Bolt liyaziwa, kanti uFlorence Griffith (ophethe irekhodi lomhlaba u-100m), ukusho nje, akathandwa kangako, yize impumelelo yakhe ithatha cishe iminyaka engama-30.
Yini i-sprint
Ngaphansi kuka-10sec. (yile ndlela abagijimi abasezingeni lomhlaba abagijima ngayo i-100m) ukusebenza kwezithameli kanye nempi yabadlali iqhubeka. Ukuze umuntu abe yilungu, udinga ukuthenga ithikithi, kanti abanye badinga ukuchitha amashumi eminyaka beqeqeshwa kanzima.
I-100m iyi-sprint yakudala. Ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukufaneleka kwamanye amabanga we-sprint, afaka phakathi i-60m (kuphela ebusika), 200m, 400m, kanye nezithiyo eziyi-110m, "ukwelukwa" ngumholi ongaphikiswa esigabeni "sodumo".
Imijaho yokudlulisa i-sprint - i-4х100 ne-4х400m - iyathakazelisa futhi ihlale iphethwe ngokomzwelo.
Izigaba nezici zendlela yokusebenza kwamamitha ayi-100
Umsebenzi wesikhashana ku-sprint unquma ngaphambili izici ekuqeqeshweni kwezobuchwepheshe nezindlela zabasubathi. Izindlela nokukhethwa kokuzivocavoca ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zenqubo yoqeqesho kuhluke kakhulu ekuqeqeshweni kwabahlali.
Ukugijima kwe-100m kuhlukaniswe ngokujwayelekile kube yizigaba eziyinhloko - ukuqala, ukuqala ukusheshisa, ukugijima ibanga, ukuqeda ukukhuphuka.
Isigaba ngasinye kulezi sidinga uqeqesho lobuchwepheshe olwehlukile.
Isithombe esiphelele sakhiwa kuphela ngemuva kokwazi kahle zonke izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Kubalulekile ukubeka izisekelo zendlela elungile yomsubathi osemncane, futhi amakhosi, ngisho neziqu eziphakeme kakhulu, adinga ukunaka njalo ukuthuthuka kwawo.
Qala
Emikhakheni ye-sprint, ababambiqhaza baqala kusukela kusikhundla "sokuqala esiphansi" besebenzisa amabhlogo akhethekile okuqala. Umsubathi ukhetha ibanga ukusuka kulayini wokuqala naphakathi kwamabhulokhi. Umlenze wokugijima uphambili. Omunye umlenze uhlala edolweni.
Izingalo eziqondisiwe zibekwa ngaphambi komugqa wokuqala, zibanzi kancane kunamahlombe, ukubuka kubhekiswe kwimitha elilodwa phambili. Isiqalo sompempe sinikeza imiyalo emibili: 1. "ukuqala", ngemuva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukuthatha indawo emabhulokini bese uncika ezandleni zakho. 2. "ukunakwa" - isinqe sikhulisiwe, umzimba uya phambili, ulinde "isibhamu". Kuyadingeka ukusabela kusibhamu ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ukusikhiphela ngaphandle kwamaphakethe.
Kulesi sigaba sokulungela, imisipha yamaphethelo engezansi akufanele ibhajwe, okuzobavumela ukuthi benze isivumelwano ngesikhathi esifanele futhi bathole umphumela we "catapult". Amapayipi wanamuhla afakwe izibopho zikagesi futhi akuvumela ukuthi unqume isiqalo esingelona elingaphezu kolawulo lweso lomuntu. Ukuqala okungamanga kokuphrinta kuyinto ejwayelekile (izingxenyana zesekhondi zibiza kakhulu) futhi kuholele ezingxabanweni nasekudluliseni izikhalo esikhathini esedlule. Ukuzimisela kokunemba kuncike ekubukeni okuzimele kwejaji ekuqaleni.
Lapho isinqumo sidlulela ekubeni nekhono kwe-elekthronikhi, le nkinga yasuswa ku-ajenda. Ngo-2011, emjahweni wokugcina weWorld Championship, uW.Bolt akafanelekanga ukuqala okungamanga - ubukhulu bakhe abuzange buhlabeke umxhwele ngemishini ezisebenzelayo. Isibonisi esiphakeme "sejubane lokuphendula okulula" (kulokhu, kusiginali yomsindo) kunikeza inzuzo ebonakalayo ekuqaleni.
Ukuzivocavoca okusizayo okuphumelela kakhulu kokusebenzisa ukugijima kokuqala nokusuka kungukuhamba kwe-shuttle, ngokuhlukahluka ngobude nenani lokujika. Ukuzivocavoca kweqa (kusuka ekumeni kuye kubude nokuphakama, ngezinsimbi nokumelana), ukukhuphuka ngezitebhisi, ukukhuphuka nezinye eziningi, okuhlose ukuthuthukisa izimfanelo ezinamandla ("iziqhumane").
Iqala ukugijima
Kulesi sigaba sokugijima, umgijimi udinga ukufinyelela ngokushesha isivinini esiseduze nobukhulu.
Kubalulekile ukugcina ukuthambekela okulungile komzimba, ngoba ukunwetshwa okuhle kwesinqe ezinyathelweni zokuqala kufanele kudale i-vector yamandla eqondiswe ngaphezulu ngokuvundlile kunokuphakama. Kancane kancane umzimba "uyakhuphuka" futhi inqubo yokugijima ifana "nebanga". Awukho umkhawulo wenguquko oqinile.
Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ngemuva kokunqoba i-30-40m, umgijimi kufanele afinyelele ukusheshisa okuphezulu kokuqala. Ukushintsha ijubane nobude begxathu, isigaba esandayo sendiza, ukunyakaza okuningi kwezandla kuyizici zesici sokusuka kokuhamba. Umthwalo omkhulu uthwalwa yimisipha yethanga nomlenze ongezansi.
Ukugijima kwebanga
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi kungakhathalekile ukuthi unamakhono anjani wejubane, ijubane eliphezulu lifinyelelwa ngomzuzwana wesi-6, kuthi ngemuva kwelesi-8 lehle.
Unyawo lubekwe kuthrekhi kusuka ozwaneni; ukwehlisa akwenzeki kuyo yonke ingxenye yonyawo lweplanethi. Ukufeza isigqi nokufana kwejubane, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izinyathelo ezisuka emilenzeni ehlukene ziyefana. Izingalo zigobeke endololwaneni ezingeni elifanele, zisebenza ngokukhululeka, ngokushesha nangokuvumelanayo ngemilenze. Imisipha isebenza ngemodi yokushaywa umoya (ukusikwa-ukuphumula) ukufeza ukujija okuphezulu okukhulu ngokuhamba.
Umzimba ume mpo, umzimba uthambeke kancane, ukujikeleza kwebhande lehlombe kuncane. Kubalulekile ukulawula ukulondolozwa kwe-engeli phakathi kwephoyinti le-pivot nomlenze ongezansi womlenze osunduzayo esigabeni se-pivot - i-engela icishe ibe ngama-degree angama-90 ama-sprinters apholile
Esigabeni sendiza, ukunciphisa i-hip kudlala indima ekhethekile. Ukuhlaziywa kokunyakaza kwesinqe, umlenze ongezansi nonyawo maqondana nesinqe, ukuhlangana kwamadolo kanye namaqakala nendawo akuyo ekusekelweni nasesiqwini kwenza ukuthi kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola ama-biomechanics esinyathelo sokugijima nokwenza ngcono inqubo. Ukuqoshwa kwesithombe nevidiyo kusetshenziselwa kabanzi ukutadisha okuningiliziwe kwesakhiwo sezinto ngazinye.
Qeda
Umqhele wezigaba ezedlule. Kuyihlazo ukulahlekelwa umjaho lapho intambo isemamitheni ambalwa futhi zonke izimbangi zisemuva. Ukuqedela i-spurt nokuthi unganqamula kanjani entanjeni - lawa makghono kufanele futhi abe sezandleni zobuchwepheshe.
Kuyadingeka ukugcina amandla anele ukwenza ukuqhuma kokugcina - ukukhathala okunqwabelene kudala ubunzima obengeziwe futhi "kuphule" inqubo.
Kunconywa ukuthi unyathele kaningi ngenxa yokunyakaza okukhulu kwengalo. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje buhlinzekela ukwehliswa okukhulu kwe-engela yokusuka ekusekelweni futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukwanda kokunyakaziswa kokuya phambili komzimba esinyathelweni sokugcina. Isiphetho ngo- "gxuma" noma ukudlula "kwekheji", ngaphandle kokushintsha izisekelo zenhlangano, asikudlulisanga ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi.
Ochwepheshe basebenzisa izingcezu zokuqeda njengokucindezela ihlombe noma isifuba phambili ngezingalo emuva.
Imvamisa, ukunquma ukuthi ngubani onqobile kulo mjaho, iphaneli lamajaji libhekela ukusiza ukuqeda isithombe.
Amathiphu Wokusebenza we-Running 100m
Ukusebenza
Ukulawula inqubo ye-sprint, njenganoma yimuphi umdlalo, akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba okujwayelekile nokukhethekile.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba jikelele kubeka isisekelo somsebenzi womzimba ngaphansi kwengcindezi eyedlulele (i-100m sprint iyisimo esinjalo), futhi okukhethekile kuhloselwe ukuthuthukisa amaqembu emisipha ethile kanye nezimfanelo ezinjalo zomgijimi njengamandla, ukuxhumanisa, isivinini, ukukhuthazela kwejubane, ikhono lokugxuma. Kanye nabo, ukuqeqeshwa ngamasu nangokwengqondo kuhambisana nomsubathi kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe.
Indlela yokuqeqeshwa kwezikhawu inomphumela omkhulu kakhulu, lapho isikhathi semithwalo enamandla sithathelwa indawo yisikhathi sokululama.
Ubulula obubonakalayo bokugijima komsubathi oqeqeshiwe ehlula abaphikisi bakhe kukhombisa inqubo ephezulu efihla umthwalo we-titanic ngempela - izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lingadlula ama-200 beats / min, futhi umfutho wegazi ukhuphuka kakhulu.
Kulungele
Amaphethini wokuzifudumeza wabaqalayo nabanolwazi ahluka kakhulu. Uma kowokuqala, ukufudumala komsubathi ojwayelekile kwanele, khona-ke inkosi ifaka isethi ethile kusethi yokuzivocavoca.
Njengomthetho, ukufudumeza kuqala ngokuzivocavoca okugijimayo okuhlukahlukene okungafaki isikhathi eside (amajogu amafushane wokukhanya we-40-50 m, egijima ngokunyusa okuphezulu kwesinqe, eshanela umlenze ongezansi emuva, eguqa egijima ngokushintshela ekusheshiseni, njll. , ukushwiba, ukunyakaza okujikelezayo, ukuthambekela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintshela engxenyeni eyeqayo (kusuka endaweni, kathathu, kweqa ngomlenze owodwa) futhi kuphindele emuva ekusebenzeni (kushintsha imisebenzi yengxenye yokuqala yemisebenzi yokuqalisa). Ingxenye efudumayo yokuzivocavoca iphela ngama-run amafushane ngokusheshisa okushelelayo, kepha hhayi ngamandla aphelele.
Izinsiza kusebenza
Konke kucacile lapha - udinga ukukhetha izicathulo ezifanele.
"Izitadi" ze-sprint zenziwa ngokucabangela ubuqili kanye nezici zobuciko zalolu hlobo oluthile lokusubatha.
Ilula, okuwukuphela kwayo mncane, kuyashintsha, kunezakhiwo ezinhle zokumunca ukushaqeka Izipikili zinamathele ekhaleni, cishe ngaphansi kwezinzwane, ukwenza ngcono umphumela wokuphindisela emuva.
Lapho uzama izicathulo, udinga ukunaka ukulungiswa okuqinile konyawo.
Izitshudeni zikhethwa ngokuya ngezindawo ozoziqeqesha noma uhlanganyele kuzo emincintiswaneni.
Imiphumela ekugijimeni kuka-100m ilinganiswa ngeshumi nangekhulu lamasekhondi. Lapha, izidingo zenqubekela phambili zigxile kumkhawulo, ngakho-ke namaphutha amancane ekusebenzeni ngamasu azoba yinto yokunethezeka engabizi.
