IVitamin B12 yivithamini eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke eqenjini layo; itholwe ngokutadisha umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwesibindi sesilwane ezintweni ezinesifo segazi. Ososayensi abathathu ngo-1934 bathola umklomelo kaNobel ngokutholakala kwempahla enenzuzo kavithamini - ikhono lokunciphisa ubungozi bokushoda kwegazi.
Amavithamini e-B12 amelwe yizinto eziningana zamakhemikhali: i-cyanocobalamin, i-hydroxocobalamin, i-methylcobalamin, i-cobamamide. Kodwa i-cyanocobalamin ingena emzimbeni womuntu ngezinga elikhulu futhi inomphumela omuhle, yile ndlela abaningi ababiza ngayo uvithamini B12 ngomqondo wayo omncane. Yimpuphu ebomvu, encibilika kahle emanzini, engenaphunga, ekwazi ukuqoqeka emzimbeni, egxile esibindini, emaphashini, ebuchosheni nasezinsweni.
Inani le-Vitamin B12
Uvithamini udlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo yomzimba:
- Kuqinisa amasosha omzimba.
- Kungumthombo owengeziwe wamandla.
- Ijwayele ukucindezela kwegazi, ilusizo ikakhulukazi kwiziguli ze-hypotonic.
- Yenza kusebenze ukusebenza kwengqondo, kuthuthukisa inkumbulo, ukunakwa.
- Isiza ukulwa nokudangala, ivimbela ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa nezifo.
- Ikhuthaza ukukhula komzimba okujwayelekile, ilawula ukuthanda ukudla.
- Idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni i-anemia.
- Usekela ukusebenza kocansi emadodeni, kwandisa ukuzala.
- Yehlisa ukucasuka kanye nokucasuka kwemizwa.
- Kuyaphumelela ekuqwashiseni.
- Ivimbela ukukhuluphala kwesibindi, ithuthukise isimo sayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-vitamin B12 isheshisa amaprotheni synthesis, okuholela ekwandeni kokuhlushwa nokuqoqwa kwayo emzimbeni. Ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, okuwumthombo oyinhloko womoya-mpilo nezinye izakhamzimba zazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi. Ngenxa ye-cyanocobalamin, ukumuncwa kwe-folic acid ngolwelwesi lwama-neuron nama-erythrocyte kuyashesha. Uvithamini ubamba iqhaza elibalulekile kunqubo yokwenziwa komzimba, esheshisa imetabolism yamafutha namanoni.
Imithombo
UVitamin B12 uhlanganiswa ngokuzimela emzimbeni emathunjini, kepha lokhu kwenzeka ngemithamo emincane. Ngokukhula, ngezifo ezithile noma ngoqeqesho lwezemidlalo olujwayelekile, izinga lalo lemvelo liyancipha, umzimba udinga imithombo eyengeziwe. Ungathola uvithamini ngokudla.
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Okuqukethwe kumikhiqizo:
| Umkhiqizo | μg / 100 g |
| Inyama yemvu | 2-3 |
| Inkomo | 1,64-5,48 |
| Isihlungi seTurkey | 1,6-2 |
| I-carp ebilisiwe | 1,5 |
| Imfene | 1,1 |
| Inkukhu yenhliziyo | 7,29 |
| Izimbaza | 12 |
| Ubisi | 0,4 |
| Intsimbi | 1,9 |
| Ingwane | 20 |
| Isibindi senkukhu / yengulube | 16,58/26 |
| I-herring enosawoti / ebhemayo | 13/18 |
| I-Mackerel | 8,71 |
| Imikhiqizo yobisi | 0,7 |
| Ushizi onzima | 1,54 |
| Ikhodi | 0,91 |
| Inyama yenkukhu | 0,2-0,7 |
| Inkukhu iqanda / isikhuphasha | 0,89/1,95 |
Izinga lansuku zonke (imiyalo yokusetshenziswa)
Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwevithamini B12 kuya ngeminyaka, indlela yokuphila, izici zomzimba ngamunye. Kepha ososayensi bawumise ngokujwayelekile umqondo wokujwayelekile futhi bathola inani laso elijwayelekile lamaqembu ahlukene ngokweminyaka:
| Iqembu lobudala | Isilinganiso semfuneko yansuku zonke, mcg / ngosuku |
| Izinsana izinyanga ezi-0 kuya kwezi-6 | 0,4 |
| Izinsana izinyanga ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-12 | 0,5 |
| Izingane ezineminyaka engu-1 kuya kwengu-3 ubudala | 0,9 |
| Izingane ezineminyaka engu-4 kuya kwengu-8 ubudala | 1,2 |
| Izingane ezineminyaka engu-9 kuya kwengu-13 ubudala | 1,8 |
| Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-14 | 2,4 |
| Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo | 2,6 |
Ukushoda
Inani lamavithamini adingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile alihlali njalo emzimbeni. Ngokushoda kwayo, izimpawu ezilandelayo zingavela:
- Ukuyeka ukusebenza, ukunganaki.
- Ukuqwasha.
- Ukwanda kokucasuka kwemizwa nokucasuka.
- Isiyezi.
- I-anemia ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga le-hemoglobin egazini.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwesitokisi.
- Ukulimaza ngokucindezela okuncane esikhunjeni.
- Ukuvela kwesifo sezinsini nokopha.
- Ukudlikizela.
- Ukonakala kwebala, i-pallor.
- Ukulahleka kwezinwele, ukuba buthuntu kanye nokuba brittleness.
Uma unezimpawu ezimbalwa, udinga ukubona udokotela ozokunikeza izivivinyo ezidingekayo futhi abone imbangela yokuphazamiseka, bese unikeza imithi efanelekile yokuziqeda nokwelapha umsuka wenkinga.
Funda kabanzi ngezifo ezihambisana nokushoda kukavithamini B12 emthonjeni - wikipedia.
Uvithamini oweqile
Njengoba i-vitamin B12 incibilika emanzini, ukweqisa kwayo kuyakwazi ukukhishwa emzimbeni kukodwa. Kepha ukusetshenziswa okungalawulwa kwezithasiselo nokwephula isabelo esinconywayo sansuku zonke kungaholela emiphumeleni engemihle:
- izinkinga nge-stool;
- ukuphazamiseka kwamathambo emathunjini;
- umfutho wegazi ukhuphuka;
- ukubonakala kwesikhumba esikhulayo.
Uma lezi zimpawu zivela, kunconywa ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha izithasiselo, ngemuva kwalokho izimpawu zokuphuza ngokweqile zizonyamalala, umsebenzi wezinhlelo zomzimba uzobuyela kokujwayelekile.
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Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa
U-Vitamin B12 unqunyelwe izinguquko ezahlukahlukene zokugula emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi lezo ezibangelwa ukudla okuqeda amandla nokuqeqeshwa okunamandla kwezemidlalo. Ukhonjiswa ukwamukelwa lapho:
- i-anemia;
- izifo zesibindi, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesifo sokusha kwesibindi;
- imikhuhlane njalo ngokumelene isizinda amasosha omzimba kwehle;
- izifo zesikhumba zama-etiologies ahlukahlukene;
- i-neuroses nezinye izifo zesistimu yezinzwa;
- ukwehla kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazini;
- isifo sezinso;
- Isifo sobuchopho, Isifo se-Down.
Izimo
Akunconywa ukuthatha i-vitamin B12 yezifo ezimbi zohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi:
- embolism;
- i-leukemia;
- hemochromatosis.
Akufanele uthathe izithasiselo zamavithamini kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo, kanye nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18, ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela. Ukungabekezelelani ngakunye kwezinto kungenzeka.
Ukusebenzisana nezinye izidakamizwa
- Ukuthatha i-potassium kunciphisa izinga lokumunca i-cyanocobalamin, ngakho-ke akufanele uhlanganise ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zithako. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi i-vitamin B12 iyakwazi ukuqoqa futhi ihlale emzimbeni isikhathi esithile, inkambo emfushane yokudla i-potassium, uma kukhonjisiwe kwezokwelapha, ngeke yehlise izinga levithamini egazini.
- Ukumuncwa kwe-cyanocobalamin kuncishisiwe lapho uthatha izidakamizwa ze-antihyperlipidemic kanye ne-anti-tuberculosis.
- I-Ascorbic acid inyusa inani lamavithamini ahlanganiswe emathunjini, futhi iphinde ibe ngumqhubi wayo esitokisini.
Amaphilisi noma isibhamu?
Uvithamini B12 uthengiswa ekhemisi ngendlela yamaphilisi nemijovo. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zenzelwe ukukhokhela ukungabikho kwamavithamini emzimbeni, kepha, njengomthetho, amaphilisi anqunyelwe ukuvikela ukuntuleka kwamavithamini B12. Zenziwa ngezifundo, ziyasebenza ukwephula okuncane okuhambisana nokuntuleka kwamavithamini, isenzo sabo kungenzeka ukuthi sihlose ukuvimbela ukuvela kokushoda kwamavithamini. Imijovo inikezwa ngamazinga aphansi kakhulu amavithamini egazini, kanye nezifo ezihambisanayo ezivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwayo.
I-cyanocobalamin, enikezwa ngomjovo, ifakwa ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba ayinciki ebukhoneni be-enzyme ekhethekile esiswini futhi ingena ngqo egazini, idlula isigaba sokuqhekeka. Izinga lokufaniswa kwalo lifinyelela kuma-90% uma kuqhathaniswa nama-70% atholwe ngomlomo.
I-Vitamin B12 yabadlali
Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwemali enkulu kuzo zonke izakhi zomzimba, kufaka phakathi i-vitamin B12. Ukugcwalisa inani elidingekayo, abagijimi kufanele bathathe izithako zokudla ezenziwe ngokukhethekile.
I-Vitamin B12, ngenxa yokubamba iqhaza kwayo ekusebenzeni kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, inikela ekukhiqizeni amandla angeziwe ngesikhathi semidlalo, ekuvumela ukuthi wandise umthwalo futhi wandise isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa.
Ngenxa yomphumela ozuzisayo esimisweni sezinzwa, i-cyanocobalamin ithuthukisa ukuhlangana kokunyakaza, isiza ukugxila ekwenzeni umsebenzi othize, okwenza ukuthi kusebenze ngokucophelela iqembu ngalinye lezicubu.
Izithasiselo zikavithamini zilusizo ikakhulukazi kwabadla inyama, ngoba iningi lalo litholakala kwimikhiqizo yezilwane.
Kuyasiza hhayi kuphela ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuqeqeshwa, kepha futhi nokululama emncintiswaneni ngokusimamisa isimiso sezinzwa.
Izengezo ezi-5 eziphezulu zikaVitamin B12
Igama | Umkhiqizi | Ifomu lokukhishwa | Isicelo | Intengo | Ukupakisha isithombe |
| Uvithamini B12 | Solgar | Ama-capsule angama-60 okuncela / 1000 mcg | Iphilisi elilodwa ngosuku | Ama-ruble angu-800 | |
| B-12 | Manje Ukudla | Ama-lozenges angama-250/1000 μg | I-1 lozenge ngosuku | Ama-ruble ayi-900 | |
| Neurobion | UMUSA | Ama-ampoules / 100 mg | 1 ampoule ngosuku | Ama-ruble angama-300 ama-ampoules ama-3 |  |
| Amathebulethi / 200 mcg | Izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku, ithebhulethi eli-1 | Ama-ruble angama-330 wamaphilisi angama-20 |  | ||
| I-Neurovitan | Al-Hikma | Ama-gummies angama-30 / 0.25 mg | 1 kuya ku-4 amaphilisi ngosuku | Ama-ruble angu-170 | |
| Cyanocobalamin | Isitshalo seBorisov, eBelarus | Ama-ampoules ka-1 ml / 500 mcg | Kusuka ku-1 ampoule ngosuku kuye ngesifo | Ama-ruble angama-35 ngama-ampoules ayi-10. |  |
