I-Thiamine (i-vitamin B1, i-antineuritic) iyinhlanganisela ephilayo esuselwa emasongweni amabili axhunyaniswe ne-heterocyclic - aminopyrimidine ne-thiazole. Kuyikristalu elingenambala, elincibilika kalula emanzini. Ngemuva kokumunca, kwenzeka i-phospholation nokwakheka kwamafomu amathathu we-coenzyme - i-thiamine monophosphate, i-thiamine pyrophosphate (cocarboxylase) ne-thiamine triphosphate.
Lezi zitholakala ziyingxenye yama-enzyme ahlukahlukene futhi ziqinisekisa ukusimama kokuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kwe-amino acid futhi kusebenze amaprotheni, amafutha kanye ne-carbohydrate metabolism, kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezinwele futhi kuqinise isikhumba. Ngaphandle kwabo, ukusebenza okugcwele kwezinhlelo ezibalulekile nezitho zomuntu akunakwenzeka.
Inani le-thiamine labasubathi
Enqubeni yokuqeqesha, ukufezekiswa kwezinhloso ezibekiwe ngqo kuncike ekukhuthazeni nasekuzimiseleni ukusebenza komsubathi ngokuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngaphezu kokudla okunomsoco nokudla okukhethekile, ukugcwala umzimba njalo ngamavithamini, kufaka phakathi i-thiamine, kuyadingeka.
Kunoma yimuphi umdlalo, isimo sempumelelo yisimo esihle somqondo ngokomzwelo somsubathi. Imiphumela ezuzisayo ye-vitamin B1 ohlelweni lwezinzwa iyasiza ngalokhu. Iphinde ivuselele imetabolism, ikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okusheshayo nokukhula kwemisipha ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina ukuhlushwa okudingekayo kwalesi sakhi egazini nasezicubu kuyisidingo sokusebenza kwezemidlalo yamandla.
Ngokubamba iqhaza kuzinqubo ze-hematopoiesis kanye nokuthuthwa komoya-mpilo kumaseli, umsoco unomthelela omuhle ekukhuthazeleni, ekusebenzeni kanye nesikhathi sokululama ngemuva kokuzikhandla okukhulu. Le miphumela kavithamini ithuthukisa ukubekezelela ukuvivinya umzimba okuyisidina nokuhlala isikhathi eside, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle koqeqesho lwabagijimi bamabanga amade, ababhukudi, abashushuluza ngokushibilika eqhweni nabanye abadlali bezinto ezifanayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-thiamine kugcina ithoni yemisipha nomoya omuhle, kwandisa amandla futhi kukhulisa ukumelana komzimba nezinto ezingaphandle eziyingozi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umgijimi uyilungele imithwalo ecindezelayo futhi kumvumela ukuthi aqinise inqubo yokuziqeqesha ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo.
Imfuneko yansuku zonke
Ijubane nokuqina kwenkambo yezinqubo zamakhemikhali emzimbeni kuncike ebulilini, eminyakeni yobudala kanye nesitayela sokuziphatha komuntu. Ezinganeni, imfuneko yansuku zonke incane: ebuntwaneni - 0.3 mg; ngokuba mdala, kukhuphuka kancane kancane kuye ku-1.0 mg. Kumuntu omdala ohola indlela ejwayelekile yokuphila, u-2 mg ngosuku wanele, ngobudala leli zinga lehla laya ku-1.2-1.4 mg. Umzimba wesifazane awufuneki kangako kule vithamini, futhi ukudla kwansuku zonke kusuka ku-1.1 kuye ku-1.4 mg.
Ukuvivinya umzimba ngempumelelo kudinga ukwanda kokudla kwe-thiamine. Kwezinye izimo, umthamo ungakhuphukela ku-10-15 mg.
Imiphumela yokushoda kwe-thiamine
Ingxenye encane kuphela kavithamini B1 eyenziwe emathunjini. Inani elidingekayo livela ngaphandle nokudla. Umzimba onempilo uqukethe cishe i-30 g ye-thiamine. Kakhulu ngesimo se-thiamine diphosphate. Isuswa ngokushesha futhi akukho masheya akhiwa. Ngokudla okungalingani, izinkinga zomgudu wamathumbu nesibindi, noma imithwalo yengcindezi eyengeziwe, kungahle kungabi khona. Lokhu kuthinta kabi isimo senyama yonke.
Okokuqala, lokhu kuthinta ukusebenza kwesistimu yezinzwa - ukuthukuthela noma ukunganaki kuvela, ukuphefumula okuncane lapho uhamba, umuzwa wokukhathazeka okungakhathali nokukhathala. Isimo se-psycho-emotional namakhono obuhlakani ayawohloka. Ikhanda, ukudideka nokuqwasha kungenzeka.
Ngokushoda isikhathi eside, i-polyneuritis iyakhula - kwehle ukuzwela kwesikhumba, ubuhlungu ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba, kuze kufike ekulahlekelweni yimisipha yengqondo ne-muscle atrophy.
Engxenyeni yomgudu wamathumbu, lokhu kuvezwa ngokuncipha kwesifiso sokudla, kuze kufike ekuqaleni kwe-anorexia nokuncipha kwesisindo. I-Peristalsis iyaphazamiseka, ukuqunjelwa njalo noma isifo sohudo kuqala. Kukhona ukungalingani emsebenzini wesisu namathumbu. Ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu nokuhlanza kwenzeka.
Isistimu yenhliziyo nayo iyahlupheka - izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo liyakhuphuka, umfutho wegazi uyancipha.
Ukuntuleka kwe-thiamine isikhathi eside kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezifo ezimbi. Okuyingozi kakhulu yisifo sezinzwa esibizwa nge- "beriberi", okuthi uma singelashwa, siholele ekukhubazekeni nasekufeni.
Ukuphuza utshwala kuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa nokumuncwa kukavithamini B1. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukungabi bikho kwayo kubangela ukuvela kwe-Gaie-Wernicke syndrome, lapho kuthinteka khona izitho zobuchopho, futhi ukukhula kwengqondo kungakhula.
Kusuka kukho konke okungenhla, kulandela ukuthi lapho kuvela lezi zimpawu, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ukuze acacise ukuxilongwa, futhi, uma kunesidingo, uthole inkambo yokwelashwa ngemithi equkethe i-thiamine.
Uvithamini oweqile
I-thiamine ayiqoqeki ezicutshini, inyonyoba kancane futhi ikhishwe ngokushesha emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokujwayelekile akunikezwa ukudla, futhi ngokweqile akwakhiwa emzimbeni onempilo.
Amafomu esikali nokusetshenziswa kwawo
UVitamin B1 okhiqizwa imboni yezemithi ungowemithi futhi ubhaliswe eRadar Station (Register of Medicines of Russia). Yenziwe ngezinhlobo ezihlukile: kumathebulethi (thiamine mononitrate), ngesimo sempuphu noma isisombululo somjovo (thiamine hydrochloride) kuma-ampoules anokugxila okuhlukile kwento esebenzayo (kusuka ku-2.5 kuye ku-6%).
Ithebhulethi nomkhiqizo we-powder kudliwa ngemuva kokudla. Uma kunezinkinga ngokugaya noma uma kunesidingo sokusebenzisa imithamo emikhulu ukubuyisa ngokushesha uvithamini we-vitamin, kunikezwa imijovo - nge-intramuscularly noma ngemithambo yegazi.
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Isidakamizwa ngasinye sihambisana nemiyalo yokusetshenziswa, equkethe izincomo zomthamo nemithetho yokuphatha.
Ukweqisa ngokweqile
Ukuhlushwa okwandisiwe kungenzeka ngenani elingalungile lemijovo noma impendulo enganele yomzimba kuvithamini.
Ngenxa yalokhu, izinga lokushisa komzimba lingakhuphuka, kuvele isikhumba esilumayo, ukuqina kwemisipha ye-spasmodic kanye nomfutho wegazi ophansi. Ukuphazamiseka okuncane kwemizwa kungenzeka ngesimo sokukhathazeka okungenasizathu nokuphazamiseka kokulala.
Yikuphi ukudla okuqukethe uvithamini B1
Ukudla okuningi ekudleni kwansuku zonke kuqukethe inani elikhulu le-thiamine. Umnikazi werekhodi phakathi kwabo yilezi: amantongomane, imidumba, ukolweni kanye nemikhiqizo yayo esetshenzisiwe.
| Umkhiqizo | Okuqukethwe kwe-Vitamin B1 ku-100 g, mg |
| Amantongomane kaphayini | 3,8 |
| Irayisi elinsundu | 2,3 |
| Imbewu ye-sunflower | 1,84 |
| Ingulube (inyama) | 1,4 |
| Ama-pistachio | 1,0 |
| Uphizi | 0,9 |
| Ukolweni | 0,8 |
| Amantongomane | 0,7 |
| IMacadamia | 0,7 |
| Ubhontshisi | 0,68 |
| I-Pecan | 0,66 |
| Ubhontshisi | 0,5 |
| Amabele (oat, buckwheat, amabele) | 0,42-049 |
| Isibindi | 0,4 |
| Izimpahla ezibhakwe ngohlobo oluphelele | 0,25 |
| Isipinashi | 0,25 |
| Iqanda (isikhuphasha) | 0,2 |
| Isinkwa se-Rye | 0,18 |
| Amazambane | 0,1 |
| Iklabishi | 0,16 |
| Ama-apula | 0,08 |
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Ukusebenzisana kukavithamini B1 nezinye izinto
UVitamin B1 akahlangani kahle nawo wonke amavithamini B (ngaphandle kwe-pantothenic acid). Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-thiamine, i-pyridoxine ne-vitamin B12 ngokuhlangene kuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezizuzisayo futhi kukhulisa kakhulu ukusebenza okuphelele kwesenzo.
Ngenxa yokungahambelani kwemithi (ayikwazi ukuxubana) nemiphumela emibi ngenkathi ungena emzimbeni (i-vitamin B6 inciphisa ukuguqulwa kwe-thiamine, futhi i-B12 ingadala ukungezwani komzimba), zisetshenziswa ngokushintshana, ngezikhathi ezithile kusuka emahoreni amaningana kuya osukwini.
I-Cyanocobolin, i-riboflavin ne-thiamine zithinta ngempumelelo isimo nokukhula kwezinwele, futhi womathathu asetshenziselwa ukwelapha nokwenza ngcono izinwele. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingenhla nangenxa yomphumela owonakalisayo kavithamini B2 ku-vitamin B1, zisetshenziswa ngokunye. Ukwehlisa inani lemijovo, kukhiqizwe umkhiqizo okhethekile ohlangene futhi ukhiqizwa - i-combilipen, equkethe i-cyanocobolin, i-pyridoxine ne-thiamine. Kodwa intengo yayo iphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yokulungiselela ukuzimela.
IMagnesium isebenza kahle nge-thiamine futhi isiza ukuyenza isebenze. Ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic kwesikhathi eside nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwekhofi, itiye neminye imikhiqizo ene-caffeine kuthinta kabi ukumuncwa kukavithamini futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekushodeni kwayo.
