Yini i-serotonin futhi kungani umzimba uyidinga

USerotonin ubambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekulawuleni imizwa nokuziphatha komuntu. Akusilo ize ukuthi elinye igama labelwa lona - "i-hormone yenjabulo". Kodwa-ke, empeleni, le nhlanganisela inemiphumela ebanzi ebanzi yemiphumela yezinto eziphilayo esimweni somzimba. Ngisho ukusikwa kokuqala kwemisipha yenhliziyo embungwini esibelethweni kubangelwa yi-serotonin. Esihlokweni sizokhuluma ngemisebenzi esemqoka yehomoni, kanye nezici ezithinta izinga layo nokujwayelekile.

Yini iSerotonin

ISerotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, noma i-5-HT) iyi-amine ye-biogenic. Kokubili kuyi-neurotransmitter kanye ne-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi "yi-effector". Lokhu kusho ukuthi into edingekayo emzimbeni kokubili ekudlulisweni kolwazi phakathi kwezinzwa zobuchopho, kanye nokulawulwa kokusebenza kwezitho nezinhlelo: inhliziyo, ukugaya ukudla, ukuphefumula nokunye. Ngaphezu kwe-90% yehomoni ikhiqizwa yi-mucosa yamathumbu, okusele yi-pineal gland (i-pineal, noma i-pineal, gland).

Emzimbeni womuntu, ama-molecule e-serotonin agxila ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, imisipha, izindlala ze-adrenal, nama-platelets.

Ifomula lamakhemikhali le-serotonin: C₁₀H₁₂N₂O

I-molecule ye-hormone inesakhiwo esilula. Ngaphansi kwethonya lama-enzyme, i-compound yakhiwa kusuka ku-tryptophan, i-amino acid ebalulekile umzimba wethu ongazivezi ngokwayo. Umuntu uthola inani elifanele le-tryptophan ngendlela eyodwa kuphela - ngokudla ukudla okuqukethe le-amino acid.

I-Tryptophan yona ihlangana namanye ama-amino acid, ihlangana nensimbi bese ingena ezicutshini zemizwa. Ukweqa isithiyo segazi nobuchopho futhi ungene ebuchosheni, idinga i-insulin.

Umsizi oyinhloko ekuhlanganisweni kwe-serotonin evela kuma-amino acid ukukhanya kwelanga novithamini D. Lokhu kuchaza ukwenzeka kokudangala kwesizini, lapho kunokushoda okubonakalayo kwaleli vithamini ekwindla nasebusika.

Imisebenzi kanye nendlela yokusebenza kwehomoni

Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zama-serotonin receptors kanye nama-subspecies amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zihluke kakhulu kangangokuba ezinye zazo zinomphumela ohluke ngokuphelele.

Amanye ama-receptors anenhlamvu evunyelwe yokusebenza, kanti enye inomphumela wokuvimbela.

Isibonelo, i-serotonin iyabandakanyeka ekuguqukeni kusuka ekulaleni kuya ekuphaphameni futhi okuphambene nalokho. Inomphumela ofanayo emithanjeni yegazi: iyanweba lapho ithoni iphakeme kakhulu futhi incipha uma iphansi.

I-Serotonin ithinta cishe wonke umzimba. Imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yehomoni:

• unesibopho senkinga yobuhlungu - abantu abane-receptors esebenzayo ye-serotonin babekezelela ubuhlungu kangcono;
• kuvusa umsebenzi womzimba;
• kwandisa ukujiya kwegazi, kufaka phakathi ukwakha ihlule egazini endaweni yamanxeba avulekile;
• ilawula ukuhamba kwesisu kanye ne-peristalsis yamathumbu;
• ohlelweni lokuphefumula, ilawula inqubo yokuphumula kwe-bronchi;
• ilawula ithoni yemithambo;
• ubamba iqhaza ekubelethweni (kubhangqwe ne-oxytocin);
• obhekene nememori yesikhathi eside nomsebenzi wokuqonda;
• isekela i-libido ejwayelekile emadodeni nakwabesifazane, kanye nemisebenzi yokuzala;
• kuthinta inhlalakahle engokomzwelo nengokwengqondo yomuntu;
• inikeza ukuphumula okuhle ngesikhathi sokulala;
• inikeza umbono owanele wezwe elizungezile nemizwa emihle;
• ilawula ukudla (umthombo - iWikipedia).

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Umphumela wehomoni kuzwelo nemizwelo

Injabulo, ukwesaba, intukuthelo, ukujabula noma ukucasuka kuyizimo zengqondo nezinqubo ezihlobene ngqo ne-physiology. Imizwelo ilawulwa ama-hormone. Ngale ndlela, enqubweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, umzimba womuntu ufunde ukubhekana nezinselelo zemvelo, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukwenza izindlela zokuzivikela nokuzivikela.

I-Serotonin ithinta imizwa. Kuliqiniso elaziwayo, eliphindaphindwayo emithonjeni eyizinkulungwane: isimo sengqondo esihle nokucabanga okuhle kuhlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu e-hormone yenjabulo. Kodwa-ke, izinto azilula kangako. Ngokungafani ne-dopamine "yomlingani" wayo, I-serotonin ayizisebenzisi izikhungo zemizwa emihle.

Ihormoni ibhekele ukulawula imizwa emibi nokucindezela ukusebenza kwayo ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zobuchopho, ukuvimbela ukudangala ukuthi kungakhuli.

Ngokufana, kugcina imisipha isesimweni esihle, ngenxa yokuthi umuntu uyakwazi ukuzizwa esesimweni sokuthi "ngingahambisa izintaba."

Ngokwemiphumela yezifundo ezithile, ososayensi baze baphakamisa nokuthi leyo ndawo kubaphathi bezenhlalo, noma kunalokho ubuholi nokubusa, nakho kuya ngezinga lale nto. (umthombo ngesiNgisi - Sage Journal).

Ngokuvamile, umphumela we-serotonin esimweni sethu se-psycho-ngokomzwelo ubanzi kakhulu. Ukuhlanganiswa namanye ama-hormone, kuyasiza ukuzwa yonke imizwa: kusuka ebumnandini ukuqedela injabulo noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuphakanyiswe ubudlova, ubudlova nokuzimisela ukwenza ubugebengu. Esimweni esicindezelayo, umuntu onezinga eliphansi le-serotonin uhlangabezana kakhulu futhi aphendule kabuhlungu kakhulu. Lokho wukuthi, i-hormone nayo inesibopho sokuzithiba nokuzwela ngokomzwelo.

Izinga le-serotonin emzimbeni

Iyunithi enkulu yokukala i-serotonin, njengamanye ama-hormone amaningi, i-ng / ml. Le nkomba isitshela ukuthi mangaki ama-nanograms ento equkethwe kumamililitha ayi-1 we-plasma yegazi. Izinga le-hormone lihluka kakhulu - kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-220 ng / ml.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumalabhorethri ahlukene, lezi zibalo zingahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngama-reagents nemishini esetshenzisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukucacisa imiphumela kungumsebenzi wochwepheshe.

inkomba... Ucwaningo lwe-plasma yegazi lwe-hormone luvame ukudingeka uma isiguli kusolwa ukuthi asikho ukudangala, kodwa ngamathumba amabi esiswini nasemathunjini. Ukuhlaziywa kunikezwa kuphela ngemuva kwamahora ayi-12 wendlala. Ngosuku olungaphambi kwalo, kunqatshelwe ukuphuza utshwala, ukubhema, namasonto ama-2 ngaphambi kokufanele ukuyeka ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi.

Izici zangaphandle ziwathinta kanjani amazinga e-serotonin

Ngakho-ke, "impahla eluhlaza" esemqoka yokukhiqizwa kwe-serotonin yi-amino acid tryptophan. Ngakho-ke, ukondla komuntu kudlala indima enkulu ekukhiqizeni i-hormone. Ukudla okudingekayo nsuku zonke kwe-tryptophan kungu-3-3.5 mg nge-1 kg yesisindo somuntu. Ngakho-ke, owesifazane onesisindo esilinganiselwe sama-60 kg kufanele adle cishe ama-200 mg we-amino acid ngokudla. Indoda enesisindo sama-75 kg - 260 mg.

Iningi lama-amino acid atholakala kumikhiqizo yamaprotheni yemvelaphi yezilwane.

Okusho ukuthi, inyama, inhlanzi, izinkukhu kanye noshizi. Phakathi kwabaholi enanini le-tryptophan, sikhipha okuhlukile:

• obomvu, i-caviar emnyama;
• ushokoledi;
• ubhanana;
• amantongomane;
• imikhiqizo yobisi;
• amabhilikosi omisiwe.

Landa itafula elinemininingwane yemikhiqizo yokudla enenkomba yokuqukethwe kwe-tryptophan namazinga okusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke lapha.

Ukusheshisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-serotonin kubantu, ikakhulukazi labo abajwayele izimo ezicindezelayo, odokotela batusa ukukhuphuka komzimba nokuthola ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe.

Ukugijima ngejubane elilinganisiwe, ukuqina komzimba, ukuzivocavoca ekuseni njalo, futhi-ke, ukuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo akunamphumela wokuqinisa nje kuphela, kepha futhi kukhuthaza nomsebenzi wohlelo lwe-serotonin lomzimba.

Lapho umuntu enza ukuzivocavoca umzimba, i-serotonin ikhiqizwa kakhulu. Lokhu kugcina imisipha isesimweni esihle futhi kuqinisekisa isimo sempilo esijwayelekile, kufaka phakathi nangokomzwelo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile kunomthelela ohlukile: kubambezela ukukhiqizwa kwe-serotonin. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esifanele sokuqeqeshwa ngejubane elijwayelekile yimizuzu engama-45-60.

Kwenzekani ngezinga eliphansi le-hormone

Ukukhathazeka, ukucasuka, ukunganaki, nokuhlehlisa okungapheli yizimpawu ezisobala kakhulu zamazinga aphansi e-serotonin. Ukuxhumana phakathi kokushoda kwehomoni nokudangala kanye nokuthambekela kokuzibulala kuqinisekisiwe ezifundweni zesayensi (umthombo ngesiNgisi - I-PubMed).

Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu eziningi ezingahlobene njalo nokushoda kwe-serotonin, kepha kungenzeka kungenxa yalesi sizathu:

1. Migraine. Ukudla okwanele kwe-tryptophan kuvame ukuba semsukeni wesifo.
2. Ukugaya kancane. Ukuntuleka kwe-serotonin kuholela ekwehleni komkhiqizo we-calcium. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izicubu zomgudu wokugaya ukudla ziyancipha, okuholela ekwehleni kwegagasi le-peristaltic. Futhi, ukuntuleka kwe-serotonin kuhilela ukuwohloka kwezinqubo zokucasha emathunjini.
3. I-irritable bowel syndrome ingenye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu kubantu banamuhla eminyakeni yamuva. Kuvame ukuhambisana ne-peristalsis ebuhlungu kanye nezifo ezingapheli zamathumbu.
4. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yomzimba. Kuboniswa yi-ARVI ejwayelekile, isifo sokukhathala okungamahlalakhona, ukungathandi ukwenza noma yini, nokwehla kwethoni yemisipha.
5. Ukuqiniswa kokubonakaliswa okungathandeki nezimpawu ze-PMS kwabesifazane.
6. Ukuqwasha. (nansi incazelo eningiliziwe yalokho okufanele ukwenze uma uhlushwa ukuqwasha ngemuva kokuzivocavoca).
7. Izinkinga zokugxila nokukhumbula.
8. Izinkinga zesikhumba, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.
9. Ukwanda kwe-toxicosis kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
10. Ukuvela kokulangazelela utshwala, izidakamizwa.

Ngokushoda okuncane kwe-serotonin, odokotela batusa ukuqala ngokushintsha kokudla nokuvivinya umzimba njalo. Kwesinye isikhathi ukwesekwa kuxazulula inkinga. Ezimweni ezinzima, i-anti-depressants inqunyelwe. Yize isenzo sabo kaningi sihloselwe ukukhulisa izinga le-hormone yenjabulo, kepha ekusabalalisweni kwalo okusebenzayo phakathi kwamaseli. Ukwelashwa ngemithi ebizwa nge-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-sertraline, i-paroxetine, i-fluoxetine) kuyisihloko.

Qaphela! Uma umuntu enesifo sokucindezeleka, khona-ke ngisho nokudla okuningi kakhulu kwe-tryptophan ngeke kumsize.

Ukudangala kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi edala ukuphazamiseka komzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-tryptophan ayingeni kahle emzimbeni womuntu futhi ayiguqulwa ibe yi-serotonin. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kunqunywe udokotela ofanelekayo, kuyilapho umsoco uba yindlela yokusiza yokululama kuphela.

Ukubonakaliswa kwamazinga aphakeme we-serotonin

Ukweqisa kwe-serotonin yinto engavamile neyokugula. Lesi simo esiyingozi empilweni sicasulwa yilezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

• ukweqisa izidakamizwa kwe-anti-depressants noma izidakamizwa eziqukethe izinto ezidakayo;
• izifo ze-oncological;
• ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu.

Esimweni sokuqala, ukweqa okubukhali ku-hormone, noma i-serotonin syndrome, kubangela ukushintsha kusuka komunye umuthi kuye komunye noma isilinganiso esingalungile. Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka kaningi njengomphumela wokuzelapha nokuzikhethela okungalungile komuthi.

Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa emahoreni okuqala, kepha kwesinye isikhathi (ikakhulukazi, kwabadala) izimpawu zokuqala zivela emini. Lesi simo siyingozi futhi siyabulala.

Umzwelo ophakeme uyavela, ukuhleka kuvame ukufaka esikhundleni sezinyembezi. Umuntu ukhala ngokuhlaselwa ukwethuka nokukhathazeka okungahlobene nezimbangela zangempela. Ezimweni ezinzima, ukunyakaza kokunyakaza kukhubazekile, i-delirium, i-hallucinations iqala, futhi, njengokubonakaliswa okwedlulele, ukuquleka kwesithuthwane.

Ngenkambo ebulalayo yokuhlaselwa, kukhona ukwanda okukhulu kwengcindezi yegazi ezinombolweni eziphakeme, i-tachycardia, ukukhubazeka okukhulu komzimba, okuholela ku-hypotension, ukopha, nokwanda kokushaqeka.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, kudingeka ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Iziguli zikhanseliwe izidakamizwa ezikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-serotonin, zijwayele isimo (ukucindezela, izinga lokushisa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo). Kwesinye isikhathi isisu siyagezwa ukunciphisa ukudakwa.

Isiphetho

Amazinga weSerotonin nomoya omuhle, ngokungajwayelekile, anomphumela wokulawula ngokuhlanganyela. Ngakho-ke, isimo sengqondo esihle ngempilo, amahlaya, ikhono lokujabulela izinto ezincane kusiza ekugcineni ukuhlushwa okudingekayo kwehomoni. Hleka, udle kahle, uhambe kakhulu lapho libalele, uzivocavoca emoyeni omusha. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-receptors wakho we-serotonin azosebenza kahle, akusize uphile futhi uqhubekele phambili kunoma iziphi izinhloso ezinesimo esihle sengqondo!

Bukela ividiyo: Serotonin and Treatments for Depression, Animation. (Novemba 2024).