Amaprotheni yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zomzimba womuntu, ayabandakanyeka ekwakhekeni kwamahomoni nama-enzyme, ayadingeka ekusetshenzisweni kwenani elikhulu lokuphendula kwamakhemikhali. Ama-molecule amaprotheni ayinkimbinkimbi akhiwe ngama-amino acid.
ILeucine ingenye yezakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu kuleli qembu. Kubhekiswa kuma-amino acid abalulekile umzimba ongeke ukwazi ukuzihlanganisa ngokwawo, kepha uwathola ngaphandle. ILeucine isetshenziswa kwezemidlalo okunomsoco, kwezokwelapha nakwezolimo. Embonini yokudla, yaziwa njenge-additive E641 L-Leucine futhi isetshenziselwa ukuguqula ukunambitheka nephunga lokudla.
Ucwaningo lwe-amino acid
Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-leucine yahlukaniswa futhi ifomula yayo yesakhiwo yachazwa usokhemisi uHenri Braconneau ngo-1820. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, uHermann Emil Fischer wakwazi ukuhlanganisa lesi sakhi ngokuzenzela. Ngo-2007, iphephabhuku iDiabetes lashicilela imiphumela yocwaningo lwesayensi lwemisebenzi nezakhiwo ze-leucine. Ungabuka imiphumela neziphetho zososayensi ngesixhumanisi (imininingwane yethulwa ngesiNgisi).
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kumagundane elebhu. Izilwane zahlukaniswa zaba ngamaqembu amabili. Kokuqala kwawo, amagundane athola ukudla okujwayelekile, futhi ekudleni kwesibili kwakukhona ukudla okweqile. Ngokulandelanayo, iqembu ngalinye lahlukaniswa laba ngamaqenjana: kwelinye lawo, izilwane zanikezwa ama-55 mg we-leucine nsuku zonke, kwathi kowesibili, amagundane awatholanga ezinye izinhlanganisela ngaphezu kokudla okuhlongozwayo.
Ngokwemiphumela yamasonto ayishumi nanhlanu, kwavela ukuthi izilwane ezazondliwa ngokudla okunamafutha zathola isisindo. Kodwa-ke, labo abathole i-leucine eyengeziwe bathola ngaphansi kuka-25% kunalabo abangayitholanga i-amino acid ekudleni kwabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa kubonise ukuthi izilwane ezinikezwe i-leucine zisebenzisa i-oxygen eningi kunezinye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinqubo zabo ze-metabolic bezishesha, futhi ama-calories amaningi ashisiwe. Iqiniso likhombisile kososayensi ukuthi i-amino acid inciphisa inqubo yokuqongelela kwamafutha omzimba.
Izifundo zaselabhoratri zemicu yemisipha kanye nama-adipocyte ezicutshini ezimhlophe ze-adipose zikhombisile ukuthi ukutholwa okwengeziwe kwe-leucine emzimbeni kuvuselela ukukhiqizwa kofuzo lwe-protein olungafakwanga, oluvuselela ukushisa okukhulu kwamafutha ezingeni lamaselula.
Ngo-2009, ososayensi abavela eNyuvesi yasePennsylvania baphinda isilingo sozakwabo. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo itholakala lapha (imininingwane inikezwa nangesiNgisi). Iziphetho zososayensi zaqinisekiswa ngokuphelele. Kutholakale nokuthi ukuthatha amanani amancane we-amino acid akunamthelela kumagundane.
Indima yebhayoloji ye-leucine
ILeucine ibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ezinqubweni eziningi. Yenza le misebenzi elandelayo:
- kunciphisa izinqubo zokuhlehlisa emisipha;
- kusheshisa ukuhlanganiswa kwama-molecule wamaprotheni, okusiza ekwakheni isisindo semisipha;
- kwehlisa ushukela wegazi;
- inikeza ibhalansi yamakhemikhali e-nitrogen ne-nitrogenous, okudingekayo kumzimba we-protein ne-carbohydrate;
- kuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa ngokweqile kwe-serotonin, okusiza ukunciphisa ukukhathala nokusheshisa ukululama ekucindezelekeni.
Okuqukethwe okuvamile kwe-leucine egazini kuqinisa amasosha omzimba, kukhuthaze ukuphulukiswa kwezilonda, futhi kusheshise ukululama ekulimaleni. Umzimba uwusebenzisa njengomthombo wamandla.
Isicelo kwezemidlalo
Ngokuzivocavoca umzimba ngamandla, umzimba udinga izinto zokusetshenziswa eziningi zokwakha imicu yemisipha futhi ukhiphe amandla. Kwezemidlalo, ikakhulukazi ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla njengokuqinisa umzimba, ukuphakamisa amandla, ukuwela, i-leucine yinto ejwayelekile.
Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa amandla we-catabolism nokusheshisa izinqubo ze-anabolic. Imvamisa, i-amino acid ithathwa ngendlela yesengezo semidlalo esiqukethe inkimbinkimbi ye-BCAA. Iqukethe ama-amino acid amathathu abalulekile - i-leucine, isoleucine ne-valine.
Ezithaselweni zokudla okunjalo, isilinganiso sezingxenye singu-2: 1: 1 (ngokulandelana, i-leucine, isomerom ne-valine), abanye abakhiqizi bakhulisa okuqukethwe kwangaphambilini izikhathi ezimbili noma ezine.
Le amino acid isetshenziswa abasubathi ekwakheni izicubu zomzimba nokwehlisa isisindo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwesekwa kwe-leucine kwandisa amandla amandla adingekayo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezemidlalo.
Isicelo kwezokwelapha
Amalungiselelo aqukethe i-leucine nawo asetshenziselwa izinhloso zokwelapha. Banikezwa izifo ezinzima zesibindi, i-dystrophy, i-poliomyelitis, i-neuritis, i-anemia, nezinye izifo zempilo yengqondo.
Njengomthetho, ukuphathwa kwalesi sakhi kufakwa nezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-glutamic acid namanye ama-amino acid ukukhulisa umphumela wokwelapha.
Izinzuzo ze-leucine emzimbeni zifaka imiphumela elandelayo:
- ukujwayelekile kokusebenza kwe-hepatocyte;
- ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba;
- ukunciphisa ingozi yokukhuluphala;
- ukusekelwa kokukhula okufanele kwemisipha;
- ukusheshisa kokululama ngemuva kokuzikhandla komzimba, ukusebenza kahle okwandisiwe;
- umphumela ozuzisayo esimweni sesikhumba.
I-amino acid isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kweziguli eziphethwe i-dystrophy, inqunywa ngemuva kokuzila isikhathi eside. Ibuye isetshenziswe ekwelapheni iziguli ezinomdlavuza neziguli ezinesibindi sokuqina kwesibindi. Zisetshenziselwa ukusheshisa ukululama ekulimaleni, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa, kanye nasezinhlelweni zokulwa nokuguga.
Imfuneko yansuku zonke
Isidingo somuntu omdala ngu-4-6 g we-leucine ngosuku. Abasubathi badinga okuthe xaxa ngalesi sakhi.
- Uma umgomo ukwakha isisindo semisipha, khona-ke kunconywa ukuthatha u-5-10 g ngesikhathi nangemva kokuqeqeshwa. Le regimen igcina amazinga e-leucine anele egazini ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca okukhulu, okuqinisekisa ukwakheka okuzinzile kwemicu yemisipha.
- Uma umgomo womsubathi ukwehlisa isisindo, ukomisa, khona-ke udinga ukusebenzisa izithasiselo eziqukethe i-leucine izikhathi ezingama-2-4 ngosuku, ngenani elilinganiselwa ku-15 g. Isengezo sithathwa ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa nangemva kokuqeqeshwa, kanye nezikhathi ezi-1-2 ngosuku phakathi kokudla. Lolu hlelo lushukumisa umzimba futhi lukhuthaza ukushiswa kwamafutha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isisindo semisipha sigcinwa, futhi izinqubo zokuhlenga zicindezelwa.
Ukudlulela kokujwayelekile kungaholela ekutheni i-leucine eyeqile emzimbeni futhi ibe yingozi empilweni. Kungakuhle uthintane nodokotela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imithi noma izithako zokudla eziqukethe le-amino acid. Abasubathi bangathembela kumqeqeshi ochwepheshe onolwazi ukuthola isilinganiso esifanele.
Imiphumela yokushoda nokwedlulele emzimbeni we-leucine
ILeucine iyi-amino acid ebalulekile: ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola okwanele kwalenhlanganisela ngaphandle. Ukuntuleka kwayo emzimbeni kuholela ekulinganisweni okungalungile kwe-nitrogen futhi kuphazamise inkambo yezinqubo ze-metabolic.
Ukushoda kweLeucine kubangela ukukhula okungazinzile ezinganeni ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okunganele kwehomoni yokukhula. Futhi, ukuntuleka kwale-amino acid kuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypoglycemia. Izinguquko zokugula ziqala ezinso, i-thyroid gland.
Ukweqisa kwe-leucine nakho kungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene. Ukudla okweqile kwe-amino acid kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni izimo ezilandelayo zokugula:
- ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa;
- izifunda ezingaphansi kokucindezela;
- ikhanda;
- i-hypoglycemia;
- ukuthuthukiswa ukusabela engemihle omzimba;
- imisipha izicubu yoma.
Imithombo Yokudla yeLeucine
Umzimba uthola le-amino acid kuphela ekudleni noma kwizithasiselo ezikhethekile nemithi - kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala okwanele kwalenhlanganisela.
Enye yama-leucine supplements
Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukusebenzisa le mikhiqizo elandelayo:
- amantongomane;
- isoya;
- uphizi, imidumba, amakinati;
- ushizi (cheddar, parmesan, Swiss, poshekhonsky);
- imikhiqizo yobisi nobisi lonke;
- igalikuni;
- i-caviar ebomvu;
- inhlanzi (herring, pink salmon, sea bass, mackerel, pike perch, pike, cod, pollock);
- inyama yesibindi nenkomo;
- inyama yenkukhu;
- inyama yemvu;
- amaqanda enkukhu;
- okusanhlamvu (amabele, ummbila, irayisi elinsundu);
- sesame;
- ingwane;
- iqanda lempuphu.
I-Leucine itholakala kuma-protein concentrate kanye nama-isolates asetshenziswa abasubathi.
Izimo
Okunye ukungafani okungajwayelekile kwefa kuyaphikisana nokuthatha i-leucine.
- I-Leucinosis (isifo se-Menkes) yisifo sokuzalwa sokuzalwa komzimba se-hydrophobic amino acid (i-leucine, isoleucine ne-valine). Lesi sifo sivele sitholakale ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Lesi sifo sidinga ukuqokwa kokudla okukhethekile, lapho kukhishwa khona ukudla kwamaprotheni. Esikhundleni sayo kufakwa amaprotheni ama-hydrolysate, angenayo i-BCAA amino acid complex. Uphawu lwesici se-leucinosis iphunga elithile lomchamo, okusikhumbuza iphunga likashukela oshile noma isiraphu ye-maple.
- Isithombe somtholampilo esifana nesifo sikaMenkes sinikezwa futhi ngesinye isifo esinqunyelwe ufuzo - isovaleratacidemia. Lesi yisifo esingalodwa se-leucine metabolism, lapho ukufakwa kwe-amino acid emzimbeni nakho kungafakwa ngaphandle.
Ukuphendula okuningi kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwe-leucine. Ingatholwa kumikhiqizo yokudla ngenani elidingekayo kuphela ngokudla okulinganiselayo, kepha ngokuzikhandla okukhulu komzimba, ukusetshenziswa kwama-amino acid kwanda kakhulu.
Ukuthatha i-leucine kubalulekile kubagijimi abafuna ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwemisipha ngokunciphisa izinga lezinqubo zokubuyisa. Ukuthatha i-amino acid kuzokusiza ulahlekelwe isisindo ngenkathi ugcina ivolumu yemisipha ingashintshiwe.
